Voice — Complete Master Rules, All 12 Tenses, Special Constructions & 100 Previous Exam Questions

ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে Voice (বাচ্য) হলো Verb-এর সেই রূপ যা নির্দেশ করে Subject নিজে কাজটি সম্পন্ন করছে (Active), নাকি কাজের ফলাফল Subject-এর উপর এসে বর্তাচ্ছে (Passive)। বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি, ব্যাংক, প্রাথমিক শিক্ষক ও সকল প্রতিযোগিতামূলক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় Voice Change থেকে প্রতি বছর ২ থেকে ৩টি প্রশ্ন নিশ্চিত থাকে।

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📌 ১. Basic Rules of Voice Change (ভয়েস পরিবর্তনের মৌলিক নিয়ম)

   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
   │ ACTIVE VOICE :  Subject   +   Verb   +   Object             │
   │                   │             │           │               │
   │                   ▼             ▼           ▼               │
   │ PASSIVE VOICE:  Object    +  Be-Verb + V3 + (by + Subject)  │
   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

• Active: Subject + Verb + Object
• Passive: Object (as Subject) + Appropriate form of ‘be’ + Past Participle (V3) + (by + Subject as Object)

উদাহরণ:

• Active: She writes a letter. (সে একটি চিঠি লেখে।)
• Passive: A letter is written by her. (একটি চিঠি তার দ্বারা লিখিত হয়।)

⚠️ Golden Rule: Voice পরিবর্তনের সময় বাক্যের Tense (কাল) এবং মূল অর্থ (Core Meaning) সর্বদা অপরিবর্তিত থাকতে হবে। কেবল প্রকাশভঙ্গির পরিবর্তন ঘটে।

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📊 Voice Change across All 12 Tenses (১২টি Tense-এর সম্পূর্ণ চার্ট)

💡 নোট: Perfect Continuous Tense এবং Future Continuous Tense-এর Passive রূপ ব্যাকরণগতভাবে তৈরি করা সম্ভব হলেও আধুনিক ও প্রমিত ইংরেজিতে তা অত্যন্ত অপ্রচলিত ও শ্রুতিকটু (awkward)। তাই ক্যামব্রিজ গ্রামার অনুযায়ী এগুলোকে Active আকারে অথবা বিকল্প বাক্যে প্রকাশ করাই শ্রেয়।

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🚫 ২. Verbs that Cannot Normally be Changed into Passive

Rule 1: Intransitive Verbs (অকর্মক ক্রিয়া)

কোনো বাক্যে যদি Direct Object না থাকে, তবে তার সাধারণ Passive রূপান্তর সম্ভব নয়।

• He sleeps peacefully. ➔ No ordinary passive (ঘুমাল; কী বা কাকে দিয়ে কোনো কর্ম নেই)
• They arrived late. ➔ No ordinary passive
• The baby cried loudly. ➔ No ordinary passive
• An accident happened yesterday. ➔ No ordinary passive
• The old man died. ➔ No ordinary passive
• কারণ: Passive বাক্যের Subject হওয়ার জন্য একটি Direct Object থাকা অপরিহার্য।

Rule 2: Linking / Copular Verbs (সংযোজক ক্রিয়া)

যে Verbs (be, become, seem, appear, remain, look) Subject-এর সাথে Subject Complement-কে সংযুক্ত করে, তাদের Passive রূপ হয় না।

• Active: She became a doctor.
• ❌ Incorrect: A doctor was become by her.
• Active: He seems tired.
• ❌ Incorrect: Tired is seemed by him.

Rule 3: Verbs Expressing Possession or a State (মালিকানা ও স্থিতিশীল অবস্থা)

যে Verbs কোনো কাজ না বুঝিয়ে কেবল মানসিক অবস্থা বা মালিকানা প্রকাশ করে, তাদের সাধারণ Passive রূপ হয় না।

• I have a car. ➔ Not normally possible
• She owns a magnificent house. ➔ Not normally possible
• He resembles his father. ➔ Not normally possible (His father is resembled by him অশুদ্ধ)
• This bag belongs to me. ➔ Not normally possible
• The box contains ten books. ➔ Not normally used in this sense
• ⚠️ সতর্কতা: সকল Stative Verb কিন্তু প্যাসিভ নিষিদ্ধ নয়। যেমন: I like this book ➔ This book is liked by many.

Rule 4: Verbs with No Suitable Object (ব্যবহারভেদে কর্মহীন ক্রিয়া)

কিছু Verb বাক্যভেদে Transitive বা Intransitive হতে পারে:

• Active (Intransitive): The door opened. ➔ Passive রূপান্তরের প্রয়োজন নেই।
• Active (Transitive): Someone opened the door. ➔ Passive: The door was opened.

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🎁 ৩. Double-Object Verbs (দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়া)

Rule 5: Either Object May Become the Passive Subject

যে সকল Verbs দুটি Object গ্রহণ করে (give, send, tell, teach, offer, show, lend, buy), তাদের যেকোনো একটিকে Passive বাক্যের Subject করা যায়। তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক Indirect Object-কে Subject করাই অধিক স্বাভাবিক ও প্রমিত।

• Active: She gave me a book.

1. Passive (Indirect Object Subject): I was given a book by her. (অধিক প্রচলিত)
2. Passive (Direct Object Subject): A book was given to me by her.

• Active: He bought me a pen.

1. Passive: A pen was bought for me by him.
2. Passive: I was bought a pen by him. (কম প্রচলিত)

Rule 6: Do Not Leave the Wrong Preposition Behind

কিছু Verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে Direct Object আগে আসলে নির্দিষ্ট Preposition (to/for) বজায় রাখতে হয়:

• Active: She explained the rule to me.
• ✔️ Passive: The rule was explained to me by her.
• ❌ Incorrect: I was explained the rule by her. (প্রমিত ইংরেজিতে অশুদ্ধ)
• কিন্তু তুলনা করুন:
• Active: She told me the truth.
• ✔️ Passive: I was told the truth by her.

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🔗 ৪. Prepositional and Phrasal Verbs

Rule 7: Keep the Required Preposition or Particle

Phrasal বা Prepositional Verb-এর সাথে যুক্ত Preposition/Particle-কে Passive বাক্যে কখনোই বাদ দেওয়া যাবে না।

Rule 8: Not Every Prepositional Phrase Can Become a Passive Subject

• Active: Someone put the plates on the table.
• ✔️ Passive: The plates were put on the table.
• ❌ Incorrect: The table was put the plates on.

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⚙️ ৫. Special Rules for Causative & Perception Verbs

Rule 9: Make + Object + Bare Infinitive ➔ Be Made + TO + V1

Active বাক্যে make-এর পর Bare Infinitive (to ছাড়া verb) বসলেও Passive-এ অবশ্যই to + V1 বসাতে হবে।

• Active: The teacher made him stand.
• Passive: He was made to stand by the teacher.
• Active: They made her cry.
• Passive: She was made to cry by them.

Rule 10: See, Hear, Watch, Notice, Observe

এদের পর Active বাক্যে Bare Infinitive থাকলে Passive-এ to + V1 হয়। কিন্তু Active-এ -ing থাকলে Passive-এও -ing বজায় থাকে।

• Active: I saw him enter the room. ➔ Passive: He was seen to enter the room.
• Active: They heard her sing. ➔ Passive: She was heard to sing.
• Active (with -ing): I saw him entering the room. ➔ Passive: He was seen entering the room.

Rule 11: Let + Object + Bare Infinitive

• Commands (আদেশমূলক):
• Active: Let him do the work.
• Passive: Let the work be done by him.
• Permission (অনুমতিসূচক):
• Active: They let him leave.
• Natural Passive: He was allowed to leave.

Rule 12: Help + Object + Infinitive

• Active: She helped me solve the problem.
• Passive: I was helped to solve the problem by her.

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📢 ৬. Imperative Sentences (আদেশ, অনুরোধ ও উপদেশমূলক বাক্য)

Rule 13: Let + Object + be + V3

• Active: Open the door. ➔ Passive: Let the door be opened.
• Active: Finish the work. ➔ Passive: Let the work be finished.
• Active: Do not touch the live wire. ➔ Passive: Let not the live wire be touched.
• Polite Requests (অনুরোধ):
• Active: Please help the poor.
• Passive: You are requested to help the poor.

Rule 14: Negative Imperatives

• Active: Do not break the rules.
• Traditional Passive: Let not the rules be broken.
• Natural Instruction: The rules must not be broken.

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❓ ৭. Interrogative Sentences (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)

Rule 15: Yes/No Questions

• Active: Did he write the letter? ➔ Passive: Was the letter written by him?
• Active: Does she teach English? ➔ Passive: Is English taught by her?
• Active: Have they completed the work? ➔ Passive: Has the work been completed by them?

Rule 16: Questions Beginning with WHO ➔ BY WHOM

• Active: Who wrote this poem?
• Formal Passive: By whom was this poem written?
• Modern English: Who was this poem written by?
• Active: Who broken the glass?
• Passive: By whom was the glass broken?

Rule 17: Questions Beginning with WHOM ➔ WHO

• Active: Whom did you invite?
• Passive: Who was invited by you?

Rule 18: Other WH-Questions (Why, When, Where, How, What)

• Active: Why did he punish you? ➔ Passive: Why were you punished by him?
• Active: When will they announce the result? ➔ Passive: When will the result be announced?
• Active: What do you want? ➔ Passive: What is wanted by you?

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🎓 ৮. Infinitives, Gerunds, and Participles

Rule 19: Passive Infinitive (to be + V3)

• Active: I want someone to help me. ➔ Passive: I want to be helped.
• Active: She expects them to invite her. ➔ Passive: She expects to be invited.

Rule 20: Perfect Passive Infinitive (to have been + V3)

• Active: He seems to have completed the work.
• Passive: The work seems to have been completed by him.

Rule 21: Gerund in the Passive (being + V3)

• Active: I dislike people criticizing me. ➔ Passive: I dislike being criticized.
• Active: She appreciates people helping her. ➔ Passive: She appreciates being helped.

Rule 22: Perfect Passive Gerund (having been + V3)

• Active: He denied that they had informed him.
• Passive Construction: He denied having been informed.

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🛡️ ৯. Modal Verbs and Combinations

Rule 23: Modal + Be + V3 (Simple Modal Passive)

• He can solve it. ➔ It can be solved by him.
• You must obey the rules. ➔ The rules must be obeyed.
• They should finish the work. ➔ The work should be finished.
• She may accept the offer. ➔ The offer may be accepted by her.

Rule 24: Modal + Have Been + V3 (Perfect Modal Passive)

• They should have completed the work. ➔ The work should have been completed.
• Someone might have stolen the money. ➔ The money might have been stolen.

Rule 25: Continuous Passive (be + being + V3)

• They are repairing the road. ➔ The road is being repaired.
• They were building a bridge. ➔ A bridge was being built.

Rule 26: Perfect Passive (have/has/had + been + V3)

• She has written the report. ➔ The report has been written.
• They had finished the task. ➔ The task had been finished.

Rule 27: Perfect Continuous Passive

• Awkward: The road has been being repaired.
• Better/Standard: They have been repairing the road for months.

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🏛️ ১০. Reporting Verbs & Impersonal Passive

Rule 28: Verbs such as say, believe, think, know, report

দুটি চমৎকার প্যাসিভ কাঠামো রয়েছে:

• Pattern A (It + Passive Verb + that-clause):
• Active: People say that he is honest.
• Passive: It is said that he is honest.
• Pattern B (Subject + Passive Verb + to-infinitive):
• Active: People say that he is honest.
• Passive: He is said to be honest.

Rule 29: Reporting Verbs with Object + Infinitive

• Active: They advised him to rest. ➔ Passive: He was advised to rest.
• Active: The police ordered them to leave. ➔ Passive: They were ordered to leave.
• Active: She told me to wait. ➔ Passive: I was told to wait.

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👤 ১১. Passive without a ‘by-phrase’

Rule 30: Omit the Agent when Unnecessary

কর্তা অজানা, সুস্পষ্ট, গুরুত্বহীন বা উহ্য রাখতে চাইলে ‘by + agent’ পরিহার করা হয়।

• Active: Someone stole my mobile. ➔ Passive: My mobile was stolen. (চোর অজানা)
• Active: People speak English worldwide. ➔ Passive: English is spoken worldwide. (জনগণ সুস্পষ্ট)
• Active: The workers completed the building. ➔ Passive: The building was completed.
• কিন্তু কর্তা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হলে ‘by’ থাকবে: Gitanjali was written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Rule 31: ‘By’ vs ‘With’ — Agent vs Instrument

• By: সচেতন ব্যক্তি-কর্তা বা doer নির্দেশ করে।
• With: যে যন্ত্র বা উপাদান দিয়ে কাজটি করা হয়েছে (instrument)।
• The snake was killed by the farmer with a stick. (কৃষক দ্বারা লাঠি দিয়ে সাপটি মারা হয়েছিল।)
• The letter was written with a ballpoint pen.

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🌟 ১২. Special and Exceptional Expressions

Rule 32: Passive-Only Expressions

• She was born in Bangladesh. (Standard idiom; active রূপ অপ্রচলিত)
• He was taken aback by the shocking news. (হতবাক হয়েছিল)
• The passengers were stranded at the airport. (আটকে পড়েছিল)

Rule 33: Need + Gerund = Passive Meaning

• The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.
• The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.

Rule 34: Worth + Gerund

• This book is worth reading. (বইটি পাঠযোগ্য/পড়ার যোগ্য; worth being read অপ্রচলিত)

Rule 35: Get-Passive (কথ্য ইংরেজিতে পরিবর্তনের ওপর জোর দিতে)

• The window got broken during the storm.
• He got injured in the football match.
• She got promoted last week.

Rule 36: Passive with Object Complements (Factitive Verb)

Object Complement প্যাসিভ বাক্যে অবিকৃতভাবে Verb-এর পরে বসে যায়:

• Active: They elected him President. ➔ Passive: He was elected President.
• Active: We painted the door red. ➔ Passive: The door was painted red.

Rule 37: Reflexive Objects

Reflexive Object (myself, himself) কখনো প্যাসিভ বাক্যের Subject হতে পারে না:

• Active: He hurt himself. (সঠিক)
• ❌ Incorrect: Himself was hurt by him.

Rule 38: Cognate Objects

• Active: He lived a happy life.
• Passive: A happy life was lived by him. (ব্যাকরণগত হলেও Active-ই অধিক সাবলীল)

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🎯 100 PREVIOUS EXAM VOICE QUESTIONS FOR MODEL TEST

(বিগত বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, প্রাথমিক শিক্ষক ও পিএসসি নিয়োগ পরীক্ষার ১০০টি বাছাইকৃত সমাধানসহ প্রশ্ন)

Q1. [৪৪তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change into passive: ‘Who is calling me?’

(A) By whom am I called?
(B) By whom am I being called?
(C) By whom I am being called?
(D) Whom am I being called by?
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous Tense-এ ‘Who’ যুক্ত Interrogative বাক্যের Passive রূপ: By whom + am/is/are + subject + being + V3? এখানে ‘me’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Subject ‘I’ হয়, যার সাথে ‘am’ বসে। সুতরাং সঠিক রূপ: ‘By whom am I being called?’

Q2. [৪৩তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘Do not close the door’ is —

(A) Let not the door closed.
(B) Let not the door be closed.
(C) Let the door not closed.
(D) The door should not be closed.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Negative Imperative বাক্যের ঐতিহ্যবাহী Passive নিয়ম: Let not + object + be + V3। তাই ‘Let not the door be closed’ সঠিক।

Q3. [৪১তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Which one is the correct passive form of ‘Who will do the work?’

(A) Who will be done the work?
(B) By whom will the work be done?
(C) By whom the work will be done?
(D) Whom will the work be done by?
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Future Simple-এ ‘Who’ থাকলে প্যাসিভে ‘By whom’ বসে, এরপর auxiliary verb ‘will’, তারপর object ‘the work’, এরপর ‘be + V3 (done)’ বসে। অতএব: ‘By whom will the work be done?’

Q4. [৪০তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘Panic seized the writer’ is —

(A) The writer was seized with panic.
(B) The writer was seized by panic.
(C) The writer seized by panic.
(D) The writer was seized of panic.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Seize’-এর পর মানসিক অনুভূতি বা ভাবাবেগ প্রকাশে Appropriate Preposition হিসেবে ‘with’ বসে, ‘by’ নয়। তাই ‘The writer was seized with panic’ সঠিক।

Q5. [৩৮তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Select the correct passive form: ‘We must listen to his words.’

(A) His words must be listened by us.
(B) His words must be listened to by us.
(C) His words must be listened to.
(D) His words should be listened to by us.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Prepositional Verb (listen to)-এর ক্ষেত্রে প্যাসিভ করার সময় সংযুক্ত Preposition (to) বাদ দেওয়া যায় না। সুতরাং ‘His words must be listened to by us’ সঠিক।

Q6. [৩৭তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change into active: ‘The tree has been uprooted.’

(A) The wind has uprooted the tree.
(B) Someone uprooted the tree.
(C) They uprooted the tree.
(D) The storm uproots the tree.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: গাছ উপড়ে পড়ার স্বাভাবিক প্রাকৃতিক কারণ হলো ঝড় বা বাতাস (wind/storm)। বাক্যটি Present Perfect Passive-এ থাকায় Active হবে Present Perfect: ‘The wind has uprooted the tree’।

Q7. [৩৬তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘He made me drive the car’ is —

(A) I was made to drive the car by him.
(B) I was made drive the car by him.
(C) The car was made to drive by me.
(D) He made the car driven by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Active voice-এ causative verb ‘make’-এর পর Bare infinitive বসে, কিন্তু Passive voice-এ তা ‘to + V1’ (to drive)-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়। সুতরাং ‘I was made to drive the car by him’ সঠিক।

Q8. [৩৫তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘A rolling stone gathers no moss.’ The passive form is —

(A) No moss is gathered by a rolling stone.
(B) Moss is not gathered by a rolling stone.
(C) Let no moss be gathered by a rolling stone.
(D) No moss was gathered by a rolling stone.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: প্রবচনমূলক হলেও এর সাধারণ ব্যাকরণগত রূপ: No moss + is + gathered (V3) + by a rolling stone।

Q9. [৩৪তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The correct passive form of ‘I know him’ is —

(A) He is known by me.
(B) He is known to me.
(C) He was known to me.
(D) He is known with me.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Know’ Verb-টির Passive voice-এ ‘by’-এর পরিবর্তে Appropriate Preposition হিসেবে ‘to’ ব্যবহৃত হয়। সুতরাং ‘He is known to me’ সঠিক।

Q10. [৩৩তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Passive voice of ‘Tell him to go’:

(A) Let him be told to go.
(B) He is told to go.
(C) Let him tell to go.
(D) Let to go be told him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Imperative বাক্যে ‘Let + object + be + V3’ নিয়ম অনুসারে: Let + him + be + told + to go।

Q11. [৩২তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive of ‘People say that he is a spy’ is —

(A) It was said that he is a spy.
(B) He is said to be a spy.
(C) He was said to be a spy.
(D) It has been said that he is a spy.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Reporting verb ‘say’-এর ক্ষেত্রে Subject + be said + to be গঠনটি প্রমিত: ‘He is said to be a spy’ অথবা ‘It is said that he is a spy’।

Q12. [৩১তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change the voice: ‘All his pupils like him.’

(A) He was liked by all his pupils.
(B) He is liked by all his pupils.
(C) He has been liked by all his pupils.
(D) He is being liked by all his pupils.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Tense-এর সাধারণ নিয়ম: Object ‘him’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Subject ‘He’, এরপর ‘is’, তারপর V3 ‘liked’ এবং শেষে ‘by all his pupils’।

Q13. [৩০তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘My uncle looks after me.’ Passive form is —

(A) I am looked after by my uncle.
(B) I was looked after by my uncle.
(C) I am looked by my uncle after.
(D) I have been looked after by my uncle.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple-এ ‘looks after’ একত্রিত থেকে ‘am looked after by my uncle’ হবে।

Q14. [২৯তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive voice of ‘Do you see the blue sky?’ is —

(A) Is the blue sky seen by you?
(B) Was the blue sky seen by you?
(C) Are the blue sky seen by you?
(D) Has the blue sky been seen by you?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Interrogative বাক্যের রূপ: Is + object + V3 + by + subject? সুতরাং ‘Is the blue sky seen by you?’ সঠিক।

Q15. [২৮তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] What is the active form of ‘The decision was arrived at by the jury’?

(A) The jury arrived at the decision.
(B) The jury had arrived at the decision.
(C) The jury was arrived at the decision.
(D) The jury has arrived at the decision.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Was arrived at’ হলো Past Simple Passive। তাই এর Active রূপ হবে Past Simple: ‘The jury arrived at the decision’।

Q16. [২৭তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘His conduct annoyed me’ is —

(A) I was annoyed by his conduct.
(B) I was annoyed at his conduct.
(C) I was annoyed with his conduct.
(D) I was annoyed to his conduct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ব্যক্তির কোনো আচরণ বা ঘটনায় বিরক্ত হলে ‘annoyed at’ বসে (ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে ‘annoyed with’ বসে)। এখানে conduct থাকায় ‘I was annoyed at his conduct’ সঠিক।

Q17. [২৬তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘Shut the window.’ What is the passive voice?

(A) Let the window shut.
(B) Let the window be shut.
(C) Let the window be shutted.
(D) The window should be shut.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Shut’-এর V1, V2, V3 তিনটি রূপই ‘shut’। Imperative-এ ‘Let + the window + be + shut’।

Q18. [২৫তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change into passive: ‘One should keep one’s promises.’

(A) Promises should be kept by one.
(B) Promises should be kept.
(C) One’s promises should be kept.
(D) Promises should kept.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: যখন Subject অনির্দিষ্ট ‘One’ হয়, তখন প্যাসিভে ‘one’ বা ‘one’s’ উল্লেখ করার প্রয়োজন নেই। প্রমিত রূপ: ‘Promises should be kept’।

Q19. [২৪তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘I had to do it’ is —

(A) It had to be done by me.
(B) It had been done by me.
(C) It was to be done by me.
(D) It had to done by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Have to/Had to’ এর প্যাসিভ রূপ হলো ‘have to be / had to be + V3’। সুতরাং ‘It had to be done by me’ সঠিক।

Q20. [২৩তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Choose the correct passive: ‘Circumstances will oblige me to go.’

(A) I will oblige to go by circumstances.
(B) I shall be obliged to go.
(C) I was obliged to go.
(D) I would be obliged to go.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Oblige’ Verb-এর সাথে ‘I’-এর ক্ষেত্রে ‘shall be obliged to go’ হবে এবং ‘circumstances’ উহ্য রাখা হয়।

Q21. [২২তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive form of ‘Rome was not built in a day’ is an example of —

(A) Agent expressed with by
(B) Agent omitted (Agentless passive)
(C) Double passive
(D) Quasi-passive
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: এই বাক্যে ‘by the Romans’ কর্তাটি উহ্য রয়েছে। তাই এটি Agentless passive বা কর্তা অনুপস্থিত প্যাসিভ।

Q22. [২১তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘He took me for an American.’ In passive voice it is —

(A) I was taken for an American by him.
(B) I was taken by him for an American.
(C) I had taken for an American by him.
(D) An American was taken for me by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Took me for’ একটি Phrasal ভাব প্রকাশ করায় ‘I was taken for an American by him’ সঠিক।

Q23. [২০তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘English is spoken all over the world.’ The active form is —

(A) People speak English all over the world.
(B) They spoke English all over the world.
(C) The world speaks English.
(D) All over the world people spoke English.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: বিশ্বজুড়ে ইংরেজি বলা একটি স্বাভাবিক বর্তমান অভ্যাস। তাই সাধারণ কর্তা ‘People’ নিয়ে Present Simple-এ ‘People speak English all over the world’ সঠিক।

Q24. [১৮তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change into passive: ‘Honey tastes sweet.’

(A) Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
(B) Honey is tasted sweet.
(C) Honey tasted sweet.
(D) Honey was sweet when tasted.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Quasi-passive (যে Verb গঠনে Active কিন্তু অর্থে Passive)-এর প্যাসিভ রূপ: Subject + be-verb + adjective + when it is + V3। তাই ‘Honey is sweet when it is tasted’ সঠিক।

Q25. [১৭তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Passive voice of ‘The doctor examined the patient’:

(A) The patient is examined by the doctor.
(B) The patient was examined by the doctor.
(C) The patient had been examined by the doctor.
(D) The patient was being examined by the doctor.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Examined’ Past Simple হওয়ায় Passive-এ ‘was examined’ হবে।

Q26. [১৬তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The active form of ‘Let the letter be posted’ is —

(A) Post the letter.
(B) You should post the letter.
(C) Let post the letter.
(D) The letter must be posted.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Let + object + be + V3’ হলো Imperative Sentence-এর প্যাসিভ রূপ। এর মূল Active বাক্য হলো ‘Post the letter’।

Q27. [১৫তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘Who taught you French?’ The passive is —

(A) By whom were you taught French?
(B) By whom you were taught French?
(C) Who was taught you French?
(D) By whom French was taught you?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Who ➔ By whom + were (auxiliary) + you (subject) + taught (V3) + French?

Q28. [১৪তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] The passive of ‘Do you know them?’ is —

(A) Are they known by you?
(B) Are they known to you?
(C) Were they known to you?
(D) Have they been known to you?
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Interrogative: Are + they + known + to you? (‘known’-এর পর ‘to’ বসে)।

Q29. [১৩তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘He pleases us.’ What is the passive voice?

(A) We are pleased by him.
(B) We are pleased with him.
(C) We were pleased at him.
(D) We are pleased at him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ব্যক্তির ওপর সন্তুষ্ট হলে ‘pleased with’ বসে। তাই ‘We are pleased with him’ সঠিক।

Q30. [১২তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Change into passive: ‘Never tell a lie.’

(A) Let not a lie ever be told.
(B) Let a lie never be told.
(C) Let a lie not be told.
(D) A lie should never be told.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Never যুক্ত Imperative-এ ‘Let + object + never be + V3’ বসে। তাই ‘Let a lie never be told’ সঠিক।

Q31. [১১তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘I saw him playing.’ The passive form is —

(A) He was seen playing by me.
(B) He was seen to play by me.
(C) He was seen by me to play.
(D) Playing was seen by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Active-এ যদি Participle (-ing) থাকে, তবে Passive-এও তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকে: ‘He was seen playing by me’।

Q32. [১০ম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] ‘The boy pleased us all.’ In passive voice —

(A) We all were pleased by the boy.
(B) We were all pleased with the boy.
(C) We all pleased with the boy.
(D) We all were pleased at the boy.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ব্যক্তির প্রতি সন্তুষ্ট প্রকাশে ‘pleased with’ বসে। Past Simple-এ ‘We were all pleased with the boy’।

Q33. [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক এডি (Assistant Director)] The passive of ‘The fire damaged the building badly’ is —

(A) The building was badly damaged by the fire.
(B) The building had been badly damaged by the fire.
(C) The building was damaged by the fire badly.
(D) The building is badly damaged by the fire.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Adverb of manner ‘badly’ সাধারণত মূল ক্রিয়ার পূর্বে (was badly damaged) বসে। তাই (A) সঠিক।

Q34. [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক এডি] Change into passive: ‘They are considering your proposal.’

(A) Your proposal was considered by them.
(B) Your proposal is being considered by them.
(C) Your proposal has been considered by them.
(D) Your proposal is considered by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous Passive: Object + is/are + being + V3। সুতরাং ‘Your proposal is being considered by them’।

Q35. [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক অফিসার (Cash)] The passive form of ‘Whom has he recommended?’ is —

(A) Who has been recommended by him?
(B) Whom has been recommended by him?
(C) Who had been recommended by him?
(D) Who was recommended by him?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Whom ➔ Who + has been + recommended (V3) + by him?

Q36. [সমন্বিত ৮ ব্যাংক সিনিয়র অফিসার] Change the voice: ‘You must write to him.’

(A) He must be written by you.
(B) He must be written to by you.
(C) He should be written to by you.
(D) He must write to you.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Write to’ একটি Prepositional verb। প্যাসিভে ‘to’ বজায় রেখে ‘He must be written to by you’ হবে।

Q37. [সমন্বিত ৫ ব্যাংক অফিসার] Identify the correct passive of ‘Rice sells cheap’:

(A) Rice is sold cheap.
(B) Rice is cheap when it is sold.
(C) Rice was cheap when sold.
(D) Rice sells to be cheap.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Quasi-passive Verb-এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী: Rice is cheap when it is sold।

Q38. [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ (৩য় ধাপ)] ‘Do the work at once.’ The passive form is —

(A) Let the work be done at once.
(B) Let the work do at once.
(C) The work must be done at once.
(D) Let at once the work be done.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: আদেশসূচক বাক্যে ‘Let + the work + be + done + at once’।

Q39. [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ (২য় ধাপ)] The passive of ‘The wind blew away the papers’ is —

(A) The papers were blown away by the wind.
(B) The papers were blowed away by the wind.
(C) The papers had blown away by the wind.
(D) The papers was blown away by the wind.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Blow’-এর Past Participle হলো ‘blown’ (‘blowed’ ভুল)। Plural subject ‘The papers’-এর সাথে ‘were blown away’ সঠিক।

Q40. [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ (১ম ধাপ)] Change into passive: ‘He gave me a flower.’

(A) I was given a flower by him.
(B) A flower was given me by him.
(C) A flower was gave to me by him.
(D) Both A and B are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়ার উভয় কর্ম দিয়েই প্যাসিভ করা সম্ভব: ‘I was given a flower by him’ অথবা ‘A flower was given (to) me by him’।

Q41. [১৮তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive form of ‘May Allah bless you’ is —

(A) May you blessed by Allah.
(B) May you be blessed by Allah.
(C) You may be blessed by Allah.
(D) May you are blessed by Allah.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Optative বাক্যের নিয়ম: May + object (as subject) + be + V3 + by Allah? অর্থাৎ ‘May you be blessed by Allah’।

Q42. [১৭তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] Change into active: ‘A decision has been reached by the committee.’

(A) The committee reached a decision.
(B) The committee has reached a decision.
(C) The committee had reached a decision.
(D) The committee reaches a decision.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Has been reached’ হলো Present Perfect Passive, যার Active রূপ ‘The committee has reached a decision’।

Q43. [১৬তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive form of ‘Smoke filled the room’ is —

(A) The room was filled by smoke.
(B) The room was filled with smoke.
(C) The room was filled of smoke.
(D) The room had filled with smoke.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Fill’-এর পর উপাদান হিসেবে ধোঁয়া বা বস্তু বোঝাতে ‘filled with’ বসে, ‘by’ নয়। সুতরাং (B) সঠিক।

Q44. [১৫তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] Which one is the passive of ‘He annoyed me’?

(A) I was annoyed by him.
(B) I was annoyed with him.
(C) I was annoyed at him.
(D) I had annoyed with him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ব্যক্তির প্রতি বিরক্ত প্রকাশে ‘annoyed with’ বসে (তার আচরণের ক্ষেত্রে ‘annoyed at’ বসে)। এখানে ব্যক্তি ‘him’ থাকায় ‘with him’ সঠিক।

Q45. [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive form of ‘Give the order’ is —

(A) Let the order given.
(B) Let the order be given.
(C) The order should given.
(D) You are ordered to give the order.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Imperative: Let + the order + be + given (V3)।

Q46. [পিএসসি নন-ক্যাডার সাব-ইন্সপেক্টর (SI)] The passive of ‘The teacher made the students copy the passage’:

(A) The students were made copy the passage.
(B) The students were made to copy the passage by the teacher.
(C) The passage was made to copy by the students.
(D) The students had been made to copy the passage.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: Causative ‘make’ প্যাসিভে ‘were made to copy’ হবে।

Q47. [পিএসসি নন-ক্যাডার অডিটর (Auditor)] Change into passive: ‘His behaviour shocked me.’

(A) I was shocked by his behaviour.
(B) I was shocked at his behaviour.
(C) I was shocked with his behaviour.
(D) I was shocked on his behaviour.
সঠিক উত্তর: (B)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Shocked’-এর পর কারো আচরণ বোঝাতে ‘at’ বসে: ‘I was shocked at his behaviour’।

Q48. [মন্ত্রণালয় প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা (AO)] The passive form of ‘We elected him our captain’ is —

(A) He was elected our captain by us.
(B) Our captain was elected by him.
(C) He elected our captain by us.
(D) He had been elected our captain.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Factitive Object ‘our captain’ অপরিবর্তিত থেকে মূল Object ‘him’ Subject ‘He’ হবে: ‘He was elected our captain by us’।

Q49. [পরিবার পরিকল্পনা পরিদর্শক] The passive of ‘The police arrested the criminals’ is —

(A) The criminals were arrested by the police.
(B) The criminals was arrested by the police.
(C) The criminals have arrested by the police.
(D) The criminals were being arrested by the police.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Plural subject ‘The criminals’-এর সাথে Past Simple-এ ‘were arrested’ হবে।

Q50. [ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ‘ক’ ইউনিট ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] Passive of ‘He urged me to attend the session’:

(A) I was urged to attend the session by him.
(B) I was urged by him attending the session.
(C) To attend the session was urged to me.
(D) I had been urged to attend the session.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘I was urged to attend the session by him’।

Q51. [৪৪তম বিসিএস (লিখিত ও প্রিলি অনুরূপ)] The passive of ‘The boy broke the precious porcelain vase’:

(A) The precious porcelain vase was broken by the boy.
(B) The precious porcelain vase is broken by the boy.
(C) The precious porcelain vase had broken by the boy.
(D) The precious porcelain vase was break by the boy.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Broke’ Past Simple, তাই ‘was broken by the boy’ সঠিক।

Q52. [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক এডি] Change into active: ‘The thief was caught red-handed.’

(A) The police caught the thief red-handed.
(B) Someone caught the thief red-handed.
(C) They caught the thief red-handed.
(D) The public caught the thief red-handed.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: চোরকে হাতেনাতে ধরার দায়িত্ব পুলিশ বাহিনীর, তাই Agent হিসেবে ‘The police’ যুক্ত করে ‘The police caught the thief red-handed’ সর্বাধিক যুক্তিযুক্ত।

Q53. [সমন্বিত ৮ ব্যাংক অফিসার] The passive form of ‘Whom did you see in the corridor?’ is —

(A) Who was seen by you in the corridor?
(B) Whom was seen by you in the corridor?
(C) Who were seen by you in the corridor?
(D) Who had seen by you in the corridor?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Whom ➔ Who + was + seen + by you in the corridor?

Q54. [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ] ‘Please keep quiet.’ The passive voice is —

(A) You are requested to keep quiet.
(B) Let quiet be kept.
(C) Let not make noise.
(D) You should keep quiet.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Please’ যুক্ত বিনম্র অনুরোধের ক্ষেত্রে ‘You are requested to + V1’ ব্যবহার করা প্রমিত নিয়ম।

Q55. [১৩তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive form of ‘He bought a watch for his sister’:

(A) A watch was bought for his sister by him.
(B) His sister was bought a watch by him.
(C) A watch had been bought for his sister by him.
(D) Both A and B are acceptable.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Buy for’ কাঠামোতে Direct Object ‘A watch’-কে Subject করাই প্রমিত: ‘A watch was bought for his sister by him’।

Q56. [৩৯তম বিসিএস (বিশেষ)] What is the passive form of ‘He decided to sell the car’?

(A) He decided that the car should be sold.
(B) The car was decided to be sold by him.
(C) It was decided to sell the car by him.
(D) He decided to be sold the car.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Decide to + V1’ যুক্ত বাক্যে ‘decided that + object + should be + V3’ কাঠামোটি প্রমিত ইংরেজি গ্রামারের নিয়ম।

Q57. [সোনারী ব্যাংক লিমিটেড অফিসার] The passive of ‘The fire engulfed the entire market’:

(A) The entire market was engulfed in the fire.
(B) The entire market was engulfed by the fire.
(C) The entire market was engulfed with the fire.
(D) The entire market had engulfed in the fire.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Engulf’-এর পর কোনো কিছুতে গ্রাসিত হওয়া বোঝাতে ‘engulfed in’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Q58. [জনতা ব্যাংক অফিসার (ক্যাশ)] Change the voice: ‘They laughed at the beggar.’

(A) The beggar was laughed at by them.
(B) The beggar was laughed by them.
(C) The beggar was being laughed at by them.
(D) The beggar had been laughed at by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Laugh at’ একটি অবিভাজ্য Prepositional verb। প্যাসিভে ‘at’ বজায় থাকবে: ‘The beggar was laughed at by them’।

Q59. [অগ্রণী ব্যাংক সিনিয়র অফিসার] ‘His answer satisfied the interview board.’ Passive voice is —

(A) The interview board was satisfied with his answer.
(B) The interview board was satisfied by his answer.
(C) The interview board was satisfied at his answer.
(D) The interview board had satisfied with his answer.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Satisfied’-এর সাথে সন্তুষ্টির কারণ বোঝাতে ‘satisfied with’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Q60. [রূপালী ব্যাংক অফিসার] The passive form of ‘Do not laugh at the poor’:

(A) Let not the poor be laughed at.
(B) Let not the poor laughed at.
(C) Let the poor not be laughed.
(D) The poor should not be laughed.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Let not + object + be + V3 + preposition: ‘Let not the poor be laughed at’।

Q61. [বাংলাদেশ কৃষি ব্যাংক অফিসার] Change into passive: ‘I cannot afford to buy a new flat.’

(A) To buy a new flat cannot be afforded by me.
(B) A new flat cannot be afforded to buy by me.
(C) Buying a new flat cannot be afforded by me.
(D) A new flat cannot be afforded by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Infinitive clause ‘To buy a new flat’ Subject হয়ে ‘To buy a new flat cannot be afforded by me’ গঠন করে।

Q62. [এনবিআর কর পরিদর্শক (Tax Inspector)] The passive voice of ‘The storm uprooted several century-old trees’ is —

(A) Several century-old trees were uprooted by the storm.
(B) Several century-old trees was uprooted by the storm.
(C) Several century-old trees had been uprooted by the storm.
(D) Several century-old trees were uprooting by the storm.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Plural subject ‘Several century-old trees’-এর সাথে Past Simple-এ ‘were uprooted’ বসে।

Q63. [সিজিডিএফ জুনিয়র অডিটর] Change into active: ‘The museum was opened by the Prime Minister.’

(A) The Prime Minister opened the museum.
(B) The Prime Minister has opened the museum.
(C) The Prime Minister had opened the museum.
(D) The Prime Minister was opening the museum.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Was opened’ Past Simple Passive, যার Active হলো ‘The Prime Minister opened the museum’।

Q64. [দুদক সহকারী পরিচালক (ACC AD)] The passive of ‘Nobody can solve this riddle’ is —

(A) This riddle cannot be solved by anybody.
(B) This riddle can be solved by nobody.
(C) This riddle cannot be solved.
(D) Both A and C are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Nobody’ থাকলে প্যাসিভে ‘cannot be solved by anybody’ অথবা সরাসরি ‘cannot be solved’ উভয়টিই শুদ্ধ।

Q65. [নির্বাচন কমিশন থানা নির্বাচন কর্মকর্তা] ‘Who is beating the child?’ Passive voice is —

(A) By whom is the child being beaten?
(B) By whom the child is being beaten?
(C) Who is the child being beaten by?
(D) Both A and C are acceptable.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: প্রমিত প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক ব্যাকরণে ‘By whom is the child being beaten?’ এবং আধুনিক কথ্যরীতিতে ‘Who is the child being beaten by?’ দুটিই শুদ্ধ।

Q66. [খাদ্য অধিদপ্তর সহকারী উপ-পরিদর্শক] The passive of ‘The teacher will guide the students’:

(A) The students will be guided by the teacher.
(B) The students shall be guided by the teacher.
(C) The students will guided by the teacher.
(D) The students would be guided by the teacher.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Future Simple Passive: Object + will be + V3 (guided) + by the teacher।

Q67. [রেলওয়ে সহকারী স্টেশন মাস্টার] ‘Post the circular.’ In passive voice —

(A) Let the circular be posted.
(B) Let the circular posted.
(C) Let post the circular.
(D) The circular should be posted.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে ‘Let + object + be + V3’: ‘Let the circular be posted’।

Q68. [প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক নিয়োগ] Change into passive: ‘The cat killed the mouse.’

(A) The mouse was killed by the cat.
(B) The mouse is killed by the cat.
(C) The mouse was being killed by the cat.
(D) The mouse had killed by the cat.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Killed’ Past Simple, তাই ‘The mouse was killed by the cat’।

Q69. [১২তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive form of ‘One should obey the laws’:

(A) The laws should be obeyed.
(B) The laws should be obeyed by one.
(C) The laws should obey.
(D) One’s laws should be obeyed.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘One’ অনির্দিষ্ট কর্তা হওয়ায় প্যাসিভে তা উহ্য থাকে: ‘The laws should be obeyed’।

Q70. [১১তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive of ‘He gave each boy a mango’:

(A) Each boy was given a mango by him.
(B) A mango was given each boy by him.
(C) Each boy gave a mango by him.
(D) Both A and B are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়ার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় অবজেক্টই সাবজেক্ট হতে পারে, তবে ‘Each boy was given a mango by him’ বেশি প্রাঞ্জল।

Q71. [১০ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] Change into active: ‘He is known to all.’

(A) All know him.
(B) Everyone knew him.
(C) All have known him.
(D) All knows him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Passive ‘is known to all’-এর Active রূপ হলো ‘All know him’ (‘All’ plural হওয়ায় verb ‘know’)।

Q72. [৯ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] The passive voice of ‘I have sold my bicycle’ is —

(A) My bicycle has been sold by me.
(B) My bicycle have been sold by me.
(C) My bicycle was sold by me.
(D) My bicycle had been sold by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Passive: ‘My bicycle has been sold by me’।

Q73. [৮ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (NTRCA)] ‘Do you speak English?’ In passive voice —

(A) Is English spoken by you?
(B) Are English spoken by you?
(C) Was English spoken by you?
(D) Has English been spoken by you?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Interrogative: Is + English + spoken + by you?

Q74. [ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ‘ঘ’ ইউনিট ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] The passive form of ‘The students saw the teacher entering the library’:

(A) The teacher was seen entering the library by the students.
(B) The teacher was seen to enter the library by the students.
(C) The teacher had seen entering the library.
(D) The teacher saw entering the library.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Perception verb-এর পর -ing রূপ থাকলে প্যাসিভেও -ing রূপ বজায় থাকে: ‘The teacher was seen entering the library by the students’।

Q75. [জাহাঙ্গীরনগর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] Change into passive: ‘The audience listened to the speech with rapt attention.’

(A) The speech was listened to with rapt attention by the audience.
(B) The speech was listened with rapt attention by the audience.
(C) The speech was listened by the audience with rapt attention.
(D) The speech had been listened to by the audience.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Listen to’-এর ‘to’ অবশ্যই Verb-এর পরেই থাকবে: ‘The speech was listened to with rapt attention by the audience’।

Q76. [রাজশাহী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] ‘We should have warned them.’ Passive voice is —

(A) They should have been warned by us.
(B) They should have warned by us.
(C) They should be warned by us.
(D) They would have been warned by us.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Perfect (should have) এর প্যাসিভ রূপ: should have been + V3।

Q77. [চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] The passive of ‘He showed me the antique coins’:

(A) I was shown the antique coins by him.
(B) The antique coins were shown to me by him.
(C) The antique coins were shown me by him.
(D) All of the above are grammatically correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়া ‘show’-এর ক্ষেত্রে I was shown… অথবা The antique coins were shown (to) me… সবগুলোই শুদ্ধ।

Q78. [মেডিকেল ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] Change into passive: ‘They kept me waiting.’

(A) I was kept waiting by them.
(B) I had been kept waiting by them.
(C) I was kept to wait by them.
(D) Waiting was kept for me by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Kept me waiting’ প্যাসিভে ‘I was kept waiting by them’ হয়।

Q79. [ডেন্টাল ভর্তি পরীক্ষা] The passive voice of ‘The storm damaged the harvest severely’:

(A) The harvest was severely damaged by the storm.
(B) The harvest was damaged severely by the storm.
(C) The harvest had been damaged by the storm.
(D) Both A and B are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: Adverb of manner ‘severely’ মূল ক্রিয়ার পূর্বে (was severely damaged) বা বাক্যের শেষে উভয়ভাবেই বসতে পারে।

Q80. [বিসিএস বিশেষ ভাইভা ও প্রিলি] ‘It is time to close the shop.’ What is the correct passive?

(A) It is time for the shop to be closed.
(B) It is time the shop to be closed.
(C) It is time that the shop is closed.
(D) The shop should be closed.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘It is time + to + V1 + Object’ বাক্যের প্যাসিভ রূপান্তর সূত্র: It is time + for + Object + to be + V3। তাই ‘It is time for the shop to be closed’।

Q81. [সমন্বিত ব্যাংক অ্যাসিস্ট্যান্ট ডিরেক্টর] Passive of ‘He loves people praising him’:

(A) He loves being praised.
(B) He loves people to praise him.
(C) He was loved by people praising him.
(D) Being praised is loved by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Gerund ‘praising him’-এর প্যাসিভ রূপ হলো ‘being praised’। তাই ‘He loves being praised’ সঠিক।

Q82. [বেপজা (BEPZA) সহকারী ব্যবস্থাপক] The passive form of ‘The results surprised everyone’ is —

(A) Everyone was surprised at the results.
(B) Everyone was surprised by the results.
(C) Everyone was surprised with the results.
(D) Everyone was surprised of the results.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ফলাফল বা কোনো ঘটনায় বিস্মিত হলে ‘surprised at’ বসে (ব্যক্তির কর্মকাণ্ডে ‘surprised by’ কদাচিৎ বসে, তবে পরীক্ষার জন্য ‘surprised at’ সর্বাধিক প্রমিত)।

Q83. [পল্লী সঞ্চয় ব্যাংক সিনিয়র অফিসার] Change into passive: ‘Who broke this expensive crystal glass?’

(A) By whom was this expensive crystal glass broken?
(B) By whom this expensive crystal glass was broken?
(C) Who was this expensive crystal glass broken by?
(D) Both A and C are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: By whom was… এবং আধুনিক ইংরেজিতে Who was… broken by? দুটি রূপই স্বীকৃত।

Q84. [বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি মডেল] ‘They compelled him to resign.’ The passive form is —

(A) He was compelled to resign by them.
(B) He had compelled to resign.
(C) To resign was compelled by him.
(D) He was compelled resigning.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘He was compelled to resign by them’।

Q85. [বাংলাদেশ পল্লী বিদ্যুতায়ন বোর্ড (BREB)] The passive of ‘The company manufactured thousands of microchips’:

(A) Thousands of microchips were manufactured by the company.
(B) Thousands of microchips was manufactured by the company.
(C) Thousands of microchips had manufactured by the company.
(D) Thousands of microchips are manufactured.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Thousands of microchips’ plural হওয়ায় ‘were manufactured’ হবে।

Q86. [জাতীয় গৃহায়ন কর্তৃপক্ষ সহকারী প্রকৌশলী] ‘We must respect our teachers.’ Passive form is —

(A) Our teachers must be respected by us.
(B) Our teachers should be respected by us.
(C) Our teachers must respected by us.
(D) Our teachers had to be respected.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Modal ‘must’-এর প্যাসিভ: must + be + V3 (respected)।

Q87. [পাসপোর্ট ও ইমিগ্রেশন সহকারী পরিচালক] Change into active: ‘The criminal was sentenced to life imprisonment.’

(A) The judge sentenced the criminal to life imprisonment.
(B) Someone sentenced the criminal to life imprisonment.
(C) The court has sentenced the criminal to life imprisonment.
(D) The police sentenced the criminal to life imprisonment.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: আইন অনুযায়ী শাস্তি প্রদান করার একমাত্র আইনি কর্তৃত্ব বিচারকের (The judge)। তাই কর্তা হিসেবে ‘The judge’ বসে।

Q88. [প্রাথমিক শিক্ষক নিয়োগ বিশেষ পরীক্ষা] The passive of ‘The cow gives us milk’ is —

(A) Milk is given us by the cow.
(B) We are given milk by the cow.
(C) Milk is given to us by the cow.
(D) All of the above are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Give’ দ্বিকর্মক ক্রিয়া হওয়ায় ‘We are given milk…’ বা ‘Milk is given (to) us…’ উভয় কাঠামোই ব্যাকরণগতভাবে শুদ্ধ।

Q89. [এনটিআরসিএ প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন] ‘His conduct surprised the audience.’ Passive form is —

(A) The audience was surprised at his conduct.
(B) The audience was surprised by his conduct.
(C) The audience was surprised with his conduct.
(D) The audience was surprised for his conduct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: কারো আচরণে বিস্মিত প্রকাশে ‘surprised at his conduct’।

Q90. [মৎস্য ও প্রাণিসম্পদ অধিদপ্তর কর্মকর্তা] The passive of ‘I saw the boat sink’:

(A) The boat was seen to sink by me.
(B) The boat was seen sinking by me.
(C) The boat was seen sink by me.
(D) The boat had been seen to sink.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Active-এ Bare Infinitive ‘sink’ থাকলে Passive-এ ‘was seen to sink’ হয়।

Q91. [বাংলাদেশ সমবায় ব্যাংক অফিসার] Change into passive: ‘They made him general secretary.’

(A) He was made general secretary by them.
(B) General secretary was made him by them.
(C) He made general secretary by them.
(D) He had been made general secretary.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Factitive object ‘general secretary’ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে: ‘He was made general secretary by them’।

Q92. [তথ্য মন্ত্রণালয় সহকারী তথ্য কর্মকর্তা] The passive of ‘Can you solve this puzzle?’ is —

(A) Can this puzzle be solved by you?
(B) Could this puzzle be solved by you?
(C) Can this puzzle solved by you?
(D) Can you be solved this puzzle?
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Interrogative: Can + object + be + V3 + by you?

Q93. [সমাজসেবা অধিদপ্তর সমাজসেবা কর্মকর্তা] ‘Help the distressed.’ What is the passive voice?

(A) Let the distressed be helped.
(B) The distressed should be helped.
(C) You are requested to help the distressed.
(D) Both A and B are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: উপদেশমূলক আদেশে ‘Let the distressed be helped’ এবং নৈতিক কর্তব্যে ‘The distressed should be helped’ উভয়ই সঠিক।

Q94. [ডাক বিভাগ পোস্টাল অপারেটর] Change into active: ‘He was taken aback by the announcement.’

(A) The announcement took him aback.
(B) The announcement has taken him aback.
(C) The announcement was taking him aback.
(D) The announcement had taken him aback.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Was taken aback’ Past Simple Passive, যার Active রূপ ‘The announcement took him aback’।

Q95. [বিআইডব্লিউটিএ সহকারী পরিচালক] The passive of ‘Someone has picked my pocket’ is —

(A) My pocket has been picked.
(B) My pocket has been picked by someone.
(C) My pocket was picked.
(D) My pocket is picked.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Someone’ অনির্দিষ্ট চোর বোঝায়, তাই প্যাসিভে ‘by someone’ বাদ দিয়ে ‘My pocket has been picked’ লেখা প্রমিত।

Q96. [জনস্বাস্থ্য প্রকৌশল অধিদপ্তর উপ-সহকারী প্রকৌশলী] Change into passive: ‘The mason is building the brick wall.’

(A) The brick wall is being built by the mason.
(B) The brick wall is built by the mason.
(C) The brick wall was being built by the mason.
(D) The brick wall has been built by the mason.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous Passive: is being + V3 (built)।

Q97. [তিতাস গ্যাস ট্রান্সমিশন সহকারী কর্মকর্তা] The passive form of ‘He taught us mathematics’:

(A) We were taught mathematics by him.
(B) Mathematics was taught to us by him.
(C) Mathematics was taught us by him.
(D) All of the above are correct.
সঠিক উত্তর: (D)
ব্যাখ্যা: ব্যক্তিবাচক বা বস্তুবাচক উভয় কর্ম দিয়েই শুদ্ধ প্যাসিভ বাক্য তৈরি সম্ভব।

Q98. [বিমান বাংলাদেশ এয়ারলাইন্স জুনিয়র ট্রাফিক অফিসার] Change into passive: ‘We expect a favorable reply.’

(A) A favorable reply is expected by us.
(B) A favorable reply was expected by us.
(C) A favorable reply has been expected by us.
(D) A favorable reply is to be expected.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Simple Passive: ‘A favorable reply is expected by us’।

Q99. [মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষা] The passive form of ‘The child tore the page’ is —

(A) The page was torn by the child.
(B) The page was teared by the child.
(C) The page is torn by the child.
(D) The page had been torn by the child.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Tear’-এর Past Simple হলো ‘tore’ এবং Past Participle হলো ‘torn’ (‘teared’ ভুল)। সুতরাং (A) সঠিক।

Q100. [৪৫তম বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি] Choose the correct passive form: ‘I have to finish the report tonight.’

(A) The report has to be finished by me tonight.
(B) The report have to be finished by me tonight.
(C) The report had to be finished by me tonight.
(D) The report is to be finished by me tonight.
সঠিক উত্তর: (A)
ব্যাখ্যা: Singular subject ‘The report’-এর সাথে ‘has to be finished by me tonight’ বসবে (‘have’ বসবে না)।

Instructor (English), Hajiganj Government Technical School and College

Former Lecturer in English, Dhaka International University