Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar — Complete Master Guide, Conversion Trees & 50 Previous Exam Questions
বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি, ব্যাংক, প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক, এনটিআরসিএ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ভর্তি পরীক্ষা সহ সকল প্রতিযোগিতামূলক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar একটি আবশ্যিক ও সর্বোচ্চ গুরুত্ববহ অধ্যায়। একটি বাক্যের মূল অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে তার ব্যাকরণগত গঠন বা প্রকাশের ধরণ পরিবর্তন করাই হলো Transformation। এই পূর্ণাঙ্গ স্টাডি গাইডে Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar-এর প্রাথমিক ধারণা, Simple-Complex-Compound রূপান্তর, Degree of Comparison, Affirmative-Negative, Assertive-Interrogative, Voice ও Speech রূপান্তরের শর্টকাট কৌশল, স্ট্রাকচারাল ট্রি ডায়াগ্রাম এবং বিগত ২৫ বছরের ৫০টি রিয়েল মডেল টেস্ট প্রশ্ন ব্যাখ্যাসহ নিচে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো।
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!📌 ১. Introduction to Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar
১.১ Definition of Sentence Transformation (বাক্য রূপান্তর কী?)
Transformation of Sentences হলো এমন একটি ব্যাকরণগত প্রক্রিয়া যার মাধ্যমে একটি বাক্যের মূল অর্থ (Core Meaning) বা ভাব সম্পূর্ণ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে তার বাহ্যিক গঠন বা রূপ (Grammatical Structure) পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
🔑 The Golden Rule of Transformation:
Change the Form, NEVER the Meaning!
রূপান্তরের সময় বাক্যের মূল অর্থ, কাল (Tense) এবং মূল বক্তব্য কোনোভাবেই পরিবর্তন করা যাবে না।
পার্থক্য: Transformation vs. Conversion:
- Transformation (রূপান্তর): অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- He is an honest man. ➔ He is not a dishonest man. (অর্থ একই রইল)।
- Conversion (গঠন পরিবর্তন): অর্থের পরিবর্তন ঘটতে পারে।
- He is an honest man. ➔ He is not an honest man. (অর্থ বিপরীত হয়ে গেল — এটি Transformation নয়)।
১.২ Classification of Sentences (বাক্যের প্রকারভেদ)
বাক্যকে প্রধানত দুটি দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে শ্রেণিবিভাগ করা হয়:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES │
├──────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ BY MEANING & MOOD (অর্থানুসারে) │ BY STRUCTURE (গঠনানুসারে) │
├──────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Assertive / Declarative (বিবৃতি) │ 1. Simple Sentence (সরল বাক্য) │
│ • Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) │ • ১টি Subject + ১টি Finite Verb │
│ • Negative (না-বোধক) ├──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 2. Interrogative (প্রশ্নবোধক) │ 2. Complex Sentence (জটিল বাক্য) │
│ 3. Imperative (আদেশ, নিষেধ, অনুরোধ) │ • ১টি Main Clause + Subordinate Cl│
│ 4. Optative (ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনা) ├──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 5. Exclamatory (বিস্ময়সূচক) │ 3. Compound Sentence (যৌগিক বাক্য) │
│ │ • একাধিক Main Clause (FANBOYS) │
└──────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘
🌳 ২. Level 2: Simple, Complex & Compound Transformation (গঠনগত রূপান্তর)
প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় সবচেয়ে বেশি প্রশ্ন আসে এই সেকশন থেকে।
২.১ Master Structural Tree Diagram
┌──────────────────────────────┐
│ SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION │
└──────────────┬───────────────┘
│
┌───────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼
┌──────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐
│ SIMPLE SENTENCE │ │ COMPLEX SENTENCE │ │ COMPOUND SENTENCE │
│ 1 Subject + │ ◄───────────────► │ 1 Main Clause + │ ◄───────────────► │ 2+ Main Clauses │
│ 1 Finite Verb │ │ Subordinate Clause│ │ joined by FANBOYS │
│ Uses Participle/ │ │ Uses Because, If, │ │ Uses And, But, │
│ Infinitive/Phrase│ │ Though, When, That│ │ Or, So, Yet │
└──────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘
২.২ The Master Transformation Matrix (সহজ রূপান্তর চার্ট)
নিচের টেবিলটি মুখস্থ থাকলে Simple, Complex ও Compound-এর যেকোনো রূপান্তর ১০ সেকেন্ডে সমাধান করা সম্ভব:
📊 Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar তুলনামূলক চার্ট ও বিশ্লেষণ:
| উদ্দেশ্য / অর্থ | Simple Sentence | Complex Sentence | Compound Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ১. কারণ (Reason / Cause) | Because of / Due to / Owing to / Being + V-ing | Because / Since / As | And / And so / Therefore |
| ২. বৈপরীত্য (Contrast) | In spite of / Despite + Possessive + V-ing | Though / Although | But / Yet |
| ৩. সময় (Time) | At the time of / In / At / During / V-ing | When / While / As soon as | And / And at once |
| ৪. শর্ত (Condition – Affirmative) | By + Gerund (By working hard) | If + Affirmative | … and … |
| ৫. শর্ত (Condition – Negative) | Without + Gerund (Without working hard) | If … not / Unless | … or / otherwise … |
| ৬. উদ্দেশ্য (Purpose) | To + V1 / In order to + V1 | So that / In order that (+ can/could) | … and wants to … |
| ৭. এতই… যে… (Result) | Too … to + V1 | So … that (+ cannot/could not) | Very … and so (+ cannot) |
| ৮. ব্যক্তি/বস্তুর পরিচয় | Noun in Apposition / Participle Phrase | Relative Clause (who, which, that) | … and it / he … |
২.৩ বাস্তব রূপান্তর উদাহরণ ও বিশ্লেষণ:
১. কারণ (Reason):
- Simple: Being ill, he could not attend the meeting.
- Complex: As / Because he was ill, he could not attend the meeting.
- Compound: He was ill, and so he could not attend the meeting.
২. বৈপরীত্য (Contrast):
- Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest. (বা Despite his poverty — কখনো ‘Despite of’ হবে না)।
- Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
- Compound: He is poor, but he is honest.
৩. শর্ত (Condition):
- Simple: Without working hard, you will fail.
- Complex: If you do not work hard, you will fail. (বা Unless you work hard…)
- Compound: Work hard, or you will fail.
🔁 ৩. Level 3: Meaning & Mood Transformation (অর্থ ও ভাব অনুযায়ী রূপান্তর)
৩.১ Affirmative to Negative (অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে)
| Affirmative Clue | Negative Rule | বাস্তব উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| Only / Alone (ব্যক্তি) | None but | Only Allah can help us. ➔ None but Allah can help us. |
| Only (বস্তু) | Nothing but | He likes only sweets. ➔ He likes nothing but sweets. |
| Only (বয়স বা সংখ্যা) | Not more than / Not less than | He is only ten. ➔ He is not more than ten. |
| Must / Have to | Cannot but + V1 বা Cannot help + V-ing |
You must obey your parents. ➔ You cannot but obey your parents. / You cannot help obeying your parents. |
| Every + Noun | There is no + Noun + but + Verb | Every mother loves her child. ➔ There is no mother but loves her child. |
| As soon as | No sooner had + S + V3 … than + S + V2 | As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. ➔ No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. |
| Always | Never + বিপরীত শব্দ (Antonym) | He is always punctual. ➔ He is never late. |
| Too … to | So … that + S + cannot/could not + V1 | He is too weak to walk. ➔ He is so weak that he cannot walk. |
৩.২ Assertive to Interrogative (বিবৃতি ➔ প্রশ্নবোধক)
💡 ম্যাজিক ফর্মুলা:
– বাক্যটি Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) হলে Interrogative হবে Negative (না-বোধক)।
– বাক্যটি Negative (না-বোধক) হলে Interrogative হবে Affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক)। (পরীক্ষায় Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
- Assertive: Smoking is a bad habit.
- Interrogative: Isn’t smoking a bad habit?
- Assertive: He is not a dishonest man.
- Interrogative: Is he a dishonest man?
- Everybody / Everyone / All: ➔ Who does not + V1…?
- Everybody wishes to be happy. ➔ Who does not wish to be happy?
- Nobody / No one / None: ➔ Who + Affirmative Verb…?
- Nobody trusts a liar. ➔ Who trusts a liar?
৩.৩ Exclamatory to Assertive (বিস্ময়সূচক ➔ বিবৃতি)
- What a / How + Adjective: ➔ Subject + Verb + a very / great + Adjective / Noun
- What a beautiful bird it is! ➔ It is a very beautiful bird.
- How sweet the mango is! ➔ The mango is very sweet.
- What a fool you are! ➔ You are a great fool. (‘fool’ Noun হওয়ায় ‘great’ বসেছে)।
- Hurrah! (আনন্দ): ➔ It is a matter of joy that…
- Hurrah! We have won the match. ➔ It is a matter of joy that we have won the match.
- Alas! (দুঃখ): ➔ It is a matter of sorrow that…
- Alas! He has failed. ➔ It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed.
- If I were… / Had I…: ➔ I wish I were…
- If I were a king! ➔ I wish I were a king.
৩.৪ Imperative to Assertive (আদেশ/অনুরোধ ➔ বিবৃতি)
- Do the work immediately. ➔ You should do the work immediately.
- Please help me. ➔ You are requested to help me.
- Do not tell a lie. ➔ You should never tell a lie.
- Let us go out for a walk. ➔ We should go out for a walk.
📊 ৪. Level 4: Degree of Comparison (তুলনামূলক রূপান্তর)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DEGREE TRANSFORMATION MATRIX │
├─────────────────┬─────────────────────────┬─────────────────┤
│ SUPERLATIVE │ COMPARATIVE │ POSITIVE │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ • Pattern 1: │ • Pattern 1: │ • Pattern 1: │
│ The + Superl. │ Comparative + THAN │ NO OTHER + │
│ │ ANY OTHER + Sing. Noun│ as ... as │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ • Pattern 2: │ • Pattern 2: │ • Pattern 2: │
│ ONE OF THE + │ Comparative + THAN │ VERY FEW + │
│ Superlative │ MOST OTHER + Pl. Noun │ Pl. Noun + │
│ │ │ Plural Verb │
└─────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────┘
Pattern 1: The + Superlative (সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ বোঝাতে)
- Superlative: Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.
- Comparative: Dhaka is larger than any other city in Bangladesh.
- Positive: No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.
Pattern 2: One of the + Superlative (অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ বোঝাতে)
- Superlative: Akbar was one of the greatest kings of India.
- Comparative: Akbar was greater than most other kings of India.
- Positive: Very few kings of India were as great as Akbar.
⚠️ পরীক্ষার কনফিউশন অ্যালার্ট:
দুটি ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা হলে কখনো Superlative হয় না। কেবল Comparative থেকে Positive বা বিপরীত রূপান্তর হয়:
– Comparative: Rahim is taller than Karim.
– Positive: Karim is not as tall as Rahim.
⚡ ৫. Level 5: High-Yield Special Transformation Patterns
৫.১ Negative Adverbials & Inversion (No sooner, Scarcely, Hardly)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ INVERSION CONJUNCTION PAIRINGS │
├────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┤
│ • No sooner had + S + V3 │ ... THAN + S + V2 │
│ • Scarcely had + S + V3 │ ... WHEN + S + V2 │
│ • Hardly had + S + V3 │ ... WHEN / BEFORE + S + V2 │
└────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
- As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up.
- ➔ No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up.
- ➔ Scarcely had the teacher entered the classroom when the students stood up.
৫.২ “It is time” & “Would rather” Constructions
- It is time / It is high time + Subject + Past Tense (V2):
- It is high time we changed (not change) our bad habits.
- (Infinitival রূপান্তর: It is time for us to change our bad habits.)
- Would rather + Base Verb … than + Base Verb:
- I would rather die than beg.
৫.৩ Parts of Speech Transformation (Nominalization)
- Verb to Noun: He decided to help. ➔ He made a decision to help.
- Adjective to Noun: He is very honest. ➔ He is a man of great honesty.
- Adverb to Adjective/Noun: He spoke politely. ➔ He spoke with politeness.
📝 ৬. Level 6: 50 Real Previous Exam Questions (BCS, Bank, Primary & PSC)
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar থেকে বিগত বছরগুলোতে আসা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্নসমূহ নিচে বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যাসহ দেওয়া হলো:
নিচে বিগত ২৫ বছরের বিসিএস, পিএসসি নন-ক্যাডার, ব্যাংক ও প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় আসা Transformation of Sentences সম্পর্কিত ৫০টি প্রশ্ন বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যাসহ দেওয়া হলো: (পরীক্ষায় Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
Q1. “No sooner had the doctor left than the patient died.” (Make it affirmative) [38th BCS]
- (A) The patient died before the doctor left.
- (B) As soon as the doctor left, the patient died.
- (C) The doctor left after the patient died.
- (D) When the doctor left, the patient had died.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) As soon as the doctor left, the patient died.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘No sooner had… than’ নেতিবাচক গঠনকে অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে Affirmative করতে ‘As soon as’ ব্যবহার করতে হয় এবং উভয় ক্লজ Past Simple (V2)-এ রূপান্তর হয়।
Q2. “Though he is poor, he is honest.” (Make it simple) [31st BCS]
- (A) Despite of his poverty, he is honest.
- (B) In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
- (C) Being poor he is honest.
- (D) He is poor but honest.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
ব্যাখ্যা: Though/Although যুক্ত Complex বাক্যকে Simple করতে ‘In spite of’ বা ‘Despite’ বসে (লক্ষ্য রাখুন: Despite-এর সাথে কখনো ‘of’ বসে না, তাই অপশন A ভুল)।
Q3. “He is too weak to walk.” (Make it complex) [24th BCS]
- (A) He is so weak that he can walk.
- (B) He is so weak that he cannot walk.
- (C) He is very weak and he cannot walk.
- (D) He is weak enough to walk.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) He is so weak that he cannot walk.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Too… to’ গঠনকে Complex করতে ‘So… that + Subject + cannot/could not + V1’ বসে। Present Tense হওয়ায় ‘cannot walk’ সঠিক।
Q4. “Who does not love flowers?” (Make it assertive) [16th BCS]
- (A) Everyone loves flowers.
- (B) No one loves flowers.
- (C) Anyone loves flowers.
- (D) Flowers are loved by all.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Everyone loves flowers.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Who does not + V1…?’ যুক্ত প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যকে Assertive করতে ‘Everyone / Everybody + V1 (s/es)’ বসে।
Q5. “Dhaka is larger than any other city in Bangladesh.” (Make it positive) [27th BCS]
- (A) Very few cities in Bangladesh are as large as Dhaka.
- (B) No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.
- (C) All other cities in Bangladesh are larger than Dhaka.
- (D) Dhaka is as large as any city.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Than any other + Singular Noun’ যুক্ত Comparative বাক্যকে Positive করতে ‘No other + Noun + as + Positive + as’ বসে।
Q6. “Only Allah can help us.” (Make it negative) [14th BCS]
- (A) None but Allah can help us.
- (B) Nothing but Allah can help us.
- (C) Not more than Allah can help us.
- (D) Allah alone can help us.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) None but Allah can help us.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Only’ বা ‘Alone’ দ্বারা ব্যক্তি বা আল্লাহকে নির্দেশ করলে Negative করার সময় তার স্থলে ‘None but’ বসে।
Q7. “Every mother loves her child.” (Make it negative) [29th BCS]
- (A) No mother loves her child.
- (B) There is no mother but loves her child.
- (C) There is no mother who does love her child.
- (D) A mother does not love her child.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) There is no mother but loves her child.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Every + Noun’ যুক্ত Affirmative বাক্যকে Negative করতে ‘There is no + Noun + but + Verb’ বসে।
Q8. “He worked hard so that he could succeed.” (Make it simple) [33rd BCS]
- (A) He worked hard to succeed.
- (B) Working hard he succeeded.
- (C) He worked hard for succeeding.
- (D) He succeeded by working hard.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He worked hard to succeed.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘So that + Subject + can/could’ যুক্ত উদ্দেশ্যমূলক Complex বাক্যকে Simple করতে Infinitive ‘to + V1’ (to succeed) ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q9. “Work hard or you will fail.” (Make it complex) [35th BCS]
- (A) If you work hard, you will fail.
- (B) If you do not work hard, you will fail.
- (C) Unless you work hard, you will pass.
- (D) In case of working hard you will fail.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) If you do not work hard, you will fail.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Imperative + or + Future’ যুক্ত Compound বাক্যকে Complex করতে ‘If you do not + V1’ বা ‘Unless you work hard, you will fail’ বসে।
Q10. “What a brilliant student he is!” (Make it assertive) [18th BCS]
- (A) He is a very brilliant student.
- (B) He is a brilliant student.
- (C) Is he a very brilliant student?
- (D) How brilliant student he is.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He is a very brilliant student.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘What a + Adj + Noun’ যুক্ত Exclamatory বাক্যকে Assertive করতে ‘Subject + Verb + a very + Adj + Noun’ বসে।
Q11. “I saw a wounded bird.” (Make it complex) [22nd BCS]
- (A) I saw a bird and it was wounded.
- (B) I saw a bird which was wounded.
- (C) I saw a bird being wounded.
- (D) Seeing a bird, it was wounded.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) I saw a bird which was wounded.
ব্যাখ্যা: Simple বাক্যের Noun + Participle (wounded bird)-কে Relative Clause (a bird which was wounded)-এ রূপান্তর করে Complex করা হয়।
Q12. “Akbar was one of the greatest kings of India.” (Make it positive) [26th BCS]
- (A) No other king of India was as great as Akbar.
- (B) Very few kings of India were as great as Akbar.
- (C) Akbar was greater than any other king.
- (D) All kings were not as great as Akbar.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) Very few kings of India were as great as Akbar.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘One of the + Superlative’ থাকলে Positive ডিগ্রি শুরু হয় ‘Very few + Plural Noun + Plural Verb (were) + as + Positive + as’ দ্বারা।
Q13. “Shut the door.” (Make it assertive) [Combined 8 Banks 2019]
- (A) You should shut the door.
- (B) The door should be shut.
- (C) Will you shut the door?
- (D) Let the door be shut.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) You should shut the door.
ব্যাখ্যা: Imperative আদেশসূচক বাক্যকে Assertive বিবৃতিতে রূপান্তর করতে ‘You should + V1’ বসে।
Q14. “He is as cunning as a fox.” (Make it comparative) [15th BCS]
- (A) A fox is more cunning than he.
- (B) A fox is not more cunning than he.
- (C) A fox is not cunning as he.
- (D) He is more cunning than a fox.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) A fox is not more cunning than he.
ব্যাখ্যা: দুটির মধ্যে সমতা (as… as) সূচক Affirmative Positive-কে Comparative করতে দ্বিতীয় Noun আগে আসে এবং বাক্যটি Negative হয় (A fox is not more cunning than he).
Q15. “You must obey the rules.” (Make it negative) [25th BCS]
- (A) You cannot but obey the rules.
- (B) You cannot help obey the rules.
- (C) You must not disobey the rules.
- (D) You do not obey the rules.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) You cannot but obey the rules.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Must’-কে Negative করতে ‘cannot but + Base Verb’ অথবা ‘cannot help + Gerund’ বসে।
Q16. “In case of your coming, I will go.” (Make it complex) [34th BCS]
- (A) If you come, I will go.
- (B) When you come, I will go.
- (C) Unless you come, I will go.
- (D) You come and I will go.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) If you come, I will go.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘In case of / In the event of’ শর্ত প্রকাশক Simple বাক্যকে ‘If + Present Simple’ দিয়ে Complex করা হয়।
Q17. “Besides being a poet, he was a philosopher.” (Make it compound) [32nd BCS]
- (A) He was a poet and a philosopher.
- (B) He was not only a poet but also a philosopher.
- (C) He was a poet as well as he was a philosopher.
- (D) Being a poet, he was a philosopher.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) He was not only a poet but also a philosopher.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Besides being…’ দ্বারা দুটি গুণ প্রকাশ পেলে Compound করতে Correlative Conjunction ‘Not only… but also’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q18. “Man is mortal.” (Make it negative) [11th BCS]
- (A) Man is not immortal.
- (B) No man is mortal.
- (C) All men are not mortal.
- (D) Man is not mortal.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Man is not immortal.
ব্যাখ্যা: অর্থ ঠিক রাখতে Affirmative শব্দের বিপরীত শব্দ (mortal ➔ immortal) বসিয়ে ‘not’ যোগ করতে হয়।
Q19. “He confessed that he was guilty.” (Make it simple) [28th BCS]
- (A) He confessed his guilt.
- (B) He confessed him being guilty.
- (C) His guilt was confessed by him.
- (D) He confessed of his guilt.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He confessed his guilt.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘that he was guilty’ Noun Clause-টিকে Noun Phrase ‘his guilt’-এ সংকুচিত করে Simple করা হয়।
Q20. “If I had the wings of a bird!” (Make it assertive) [17th BCS]
- (A) I wish I had the wings of a bird.
- (B) I had the wings of a bird.
- (C) I desire the wings of a bird.
- (D) How I wish I had wings!
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I wish I had the wings of a bird.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘If I had…!’ যুক্ত অপূর্ণ আকাঙ্ক্ষাবোধক বাক্যকে Assertive করতে ‘I wish I had…’ বসে।
Q21. “He is the best boy in the class.” (Make it comparative) [19th BCS]
- (A) He is better than any other boy in the class.
- (B) He is better than all boys in the class.
- (C) No other boy in the class is better than him.
- (D) He is more good than any other boy.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He is better than any other boy in the class.
ব্যাখ্যা: Superlative Degree থেকে Comparative করতে ‘better than any other + Singular Noun (boy)’ বসে।
Q22. “We eat to live.” (Make it complex) [13th BCS]
- (A) We eat so that we can live.
- (B) We eat and we live.
- (C) We eat because we live.
- (D) If we eat, we live.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) We eat so that we can live.
ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্যমূলক Simple বাক্য ‘to live’-কে Complex করতে ‘so that we can live’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q23. “Alas! I am undone.” (Make it assertive) [21st BCS]
- (A) It is a matter of sorrow that I am undone.
- (B) It is a matter of joy that I am undone.
- (C) I am undone and it is sorrowful.
- (D) How undone I am!
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) It is a matter of sorrow that I am undone.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Alas!’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘It is a matter of sorrow that’ বসে।
Q24. “He bought only a pen.” (Make it negative) [36th BCS]
- (A) He bought nothing but a pen.
- (B) He bought none but a pen.
- (C) He did not buy only a pen.
- (D) He bought not more than a pen.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He bought nothing but a pen.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Only’ কোনো বস্তুকে (a pen) নির্দেশ করলে Negative করার সময় ‘nothing but’ বসে।
Q25. “Because of his illness, he could not run.” (Make it compound) [37th BCS]
- (A) He was ill and so he could not run.
- (B) As he was ill, he could not run.
- (C) He could not run because he was ill.
- (D) Being ill, he could not run.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He was ill and so he could not run.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Because of’ যুক্ত কারণমূলক Simple বাক্যকে Compound করতে ‘and so / and therefore’ বসে।
Q26. “Iron is more useful than any other metal.” (Make it superlative) [12th BCS]
- (A) Iron is the most useful metal.
- (B) Iron is one of the most useful metals.
- (C) No other metal is as useful as iron.
- (D) Iron is most useful of all metals.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Iron is the most useful metal.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘more useful than any other metal’ হলো সাধারণ শ্রেষ্ঠত্ব, তাই Superlative হবে ‘the most useful metal’।
Q27. “Nobody trusts a liar.” (Make it interrogative) [23rd BCS]
- (A) Who trusts a liar?
- (B) Does anybody trust a liar?
- (C) Who does not trust a liar?
- (D) Why trust a liar?
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Who trusts a liar?
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Nobody / No one / None’ যুক্ত বাক্যকে Interrogative করতে ‘Who + Affirmative Verb (trusts)…?’ বসে।
Q28. “Seeing the police, the thief ran away.” (Make it compound) [30th BCS]
- (A) The thief saw the police and ran away.
- (B) When the thief saw the police, he ran away.
- (C) As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
- (D) The thief ran away after seeing the police.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The thief saw the police and ran away.
ব্যাখ্যা: Participle (Seeing the police) যুক্ত Simple বাক্যকে দুটি সমমানের Main Clause তৈরি করে ‘and’ দিয়ে যুক্ত করলে Compound হয়।
Q29. “I know his father’s name.” (Make it complex) [20th BCS]
- (A) I know what his father’s name is.
- (B) I know who his father is.
- (C) I know his father and his name.
- (D) His father’s name is known to me.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I know what his father’s name is.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘his father’s name’ Noun Phrase-টিকে Noun Clause ‘what his father’s name is’-এ রূপান্তর করে Complex করা হয়।
Q30. “Very few metals are as heavy as gold.” (Make it comparative) [41st BCS]
- (A) Gold is heavier than most other metals.
- (B) Gold is heavier than any other metal.
- (C) Gold is the heaviest metal.
- (D) Gold is not as heavy as other metals.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Gold is heavier than most other metals.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Very few’ যুক্ত Positive বাক্যকে Comparative করতে ‘Comparative + than most other + Plural Noun (metals)’ বসে।
Q31. “A rolling stone gathers no moss.” (Make it complex) [39th BCS]
- (A) A stone that rolls gathers no moss.
- (B) A stone rolls and gathers no moss.
- (C) Since a stone rolls, it gathers no moss.
- (D) When a stone rolls, no moss is gathered.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) A stone that rolls gathers no moss.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘A rolling stone’ Participial Adjective-কে Relative Clause ‘A stone that rolls’-এ পরিণত করে Complex করা হয়।
Q32. “He is not only a singer but also an actor.” (Make it simple) [Combined 5 Banks 2020]
- (A) Besides being a singer, he is an actor.
- (B) He is a singer and an actor.
- (C) Being a singer, he acts.
- (D) As he is a singer, he is an actor.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Besides being a singer, he is an actor.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Not only… but also’ যুক্ত Compound বাক্যকে Simple করতে ‘Besides being + Noun/Adj’ বসে।
Q33. “Does he not speak the truth?” (Make it assertive) [PSC Auditor 2021]
- (A) He speaks the truth.
- (B) He does not speak the truth.
- (C) He never speaks the truth.
- (D) He may speak the truth.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He speaks the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা: নেতিবাচক প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যকে Assertive করতে হ্যাঁ-বোধক বিবৃতি (He speaks the truth) করতে হয়।
Q34. “He lived in a small cottage.” (Make it complex) [Primary Teacher 2022]
- (A) He lived in a cottage which was small.
- (B) He lived in a cottage and it was small.
- (C) The cottage where he lived was small.
- (D) Living in a small cottage, he was happy.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He lived in a cottage which was small.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘small cottage’ Adjective-Noun জোড়কে ‘cottage which was small’ Relative Clause-এ রূপান্তর করে Complex করা হয়।
Q35. “I have no money that I can spare.” (Make it simple) [28th BCS]
- (A) I have no money to spare.
- (B) I have no money for sparing.
- (C) Without money I cannot spare.
- (D) Having no money, I cannot spare.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I have no money to spare.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘that I can spare’ Adjective Clause-টিকে Infinitive ‘to spare’-এ সংকুচিত করে Simple করা হয়।
Q36. “He is greater than I.” (Make it positive) [10th BCS]
- (A) I am not as great as he.
- (B) I am as great as he.
- (C) I am greater than he.
- (D) He is not as great as I.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I am not as great as he.
ব্যাখ্যা: দুটি ব্যক্তির তুলনামূলক Comparative Affirmative বাক্যকে Positive করতে ‘I am not as great as he’ বসে।
Q37. “Hurrah! Our team has won the trophy.” (Make it assertive) [NTRCA 2019]
- (A) It is a matter of joy that our team has won the trophy.
- (B) We are joyful that our team won.
- (C) Our team has won the trophy with joy.
- (D) It is very joyful that we won.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) It is a matter of joy that our team has won the trophy.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Hurrah!’ আনন্দসূচক শব্দকে ‘It is a matter of joy that’ দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপন করতে হয়।
Q38. “Spare the rod and spoil the child.” (Make it complex) [43rd BCS]
- (A) If you spare the rod, you will spoil the child.
- (B) Unless you spare the rod, you spoil the child.
- (C) Sparing the rod, the child is spoiled.
- (D) You spare the rod or spoil the child.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) If you spare the rod, you will spoil the child.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Imperative + and + result’ যুক্ত শর্তমূলক প্রবাদবাক্যকে Complex করতে ‘If you + Present, you will + Future’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q39. “He is the wisest man in the village.” (Make it positive) [27th BCS]
- (A) No other man in the village is as wise as he.
- (B) Very few men in the village are as wise as he.
- (C) He is wiser than all men.
- (D) No man is wiser than he.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) No other man in the village is as wise as he.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘The + Superlative’ থাকলে Positive শুরু হয় ‘No other + Singular Noun (man) + as wise as he’।
Q40. “I was sure of his success.” (Make it complex) [35th BCS]
- (A) I was sure that he would succeed.
- (B) I was sure that he succeeded.
- (C) His success was sure to me.
- (D) As he succeeded, I was sure.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I was sure that he would succeed.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘his success’ Noun Phrase-টিকে ‘that he would succeed’ Noun Clause-এ রূপান্তর করে Complex করা হয় (Past Tense থাকায় would succeed)।
Q41. “Never tell a lie.” (Make it assertive) [Bangladesh Bank AD 2019]
- (A) You should never tell a lie.
- (B) You must not tell a lie.
- (C) One should not tell a lie.
- (D) A lie should never be told.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) You should never tell a lie.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Never tell a lie’ উপদেশমূলক Imperative-কে Assertive করতে ‘You should never tell a lie’ হয়।
Q42. “He is as strong as a lion.” (Make it comparative) [14th BCS]
- (A) A lion is not stronger than he.
- (B) A lion is stronger than he.
- (C) He is stronger than a lion.
- (D) A lion is as strong as he.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) A lion is not stronger than he.
ব্যাখ্যা: সমতা প্রকাশকারী ‘as strong as’ Affirmative-কে Comparative করতে দ্বিতীয় পক্ষ আগে আসে এবং Negative হয় (A lion is not stronger than he)।
Q43. “Despite having vast riches, he is unhappy.” (Make it compound) [42nd BCS Special]
- (A) He has vast riches, but he is unhappy.
- (B) He has vast riches and he is unhappy.
- (C) Although he has vast riches, he is unhappy.
- (D) He is unhappy for his vast riches.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He has vast riches, but he is unhappy.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Despite’ যুক্ত বৈপরীত্যমূলক Simple বাক্যকে Compound করতে দুটি সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যের মাঝে ‘but’ বসে।
Q44. “I know when he will arrive.” (Make it simple) [33rd BCS]
- (A) I know the time of his arrival.
- (B) I know his arriving.
- (C) I know his arrival.
- (D) His arrival is known to me.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) I know the time of his arrival.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘when he will arrive’ সময়বাচক Noun Clause-কে ‘the time of his arrival’ Noun Phrase-এ রূপান্তর করে Simple করা হয়।
Q45. “Who can deny the truth?” (Make it assertive) [29th BCS]
- (A) No one can deny the truth.
- (B) Everyone can deny the truth.
- (C) Anyone can deny the truth.
- (D) The truth cannot be denied.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) No one can deny the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Who can + V1…?’ হ্যাঁ-বোধক প্রশ্নকে Assertive করতে ‘No one / Nobody can + V1’ বসে।
Q46. “Shakespeare is greater than most other dramatists.” (Make it superlative) [44th BCS]
- (A) Shakespeare is one of the greatest dramatists.
- (B) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist.
- (C) No other dramatist is as great as Shakespeare.
- (D) Very few dramatists are as great as Shakespeare.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Shakespeare is one of the greatest dramatists.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘greater than most other + Plural Noun’ থাকলে Superlative-এ ‘one of the greatest + Plural Noun (dramatists)’ বসে।
Q47. “The sun having risen, the fog dispersed.” (Make it compound) [38th BCS]
- (A) The sun rose and the fog dispersed.
- (B) When the sun rose, the fog dispersed.
- (C) As the sun had risen, the fog dispersed.
- (D) The fog dispersed after the sun rose.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The sun rose and the fog dispersed.
ব্যাখ্যা: Absolute Nominative phrase (The sun having risen) যুক্ত Simple বাক্যকে দুটি স্বাধীন ক্লজে বিভক্ত করে ‘and’ দিয়ে যুক্ত করলে Compound হয়।
Q48. “He had only five hundred taka.” (Make it negative) [Senior Staff Nurse 2021]
- (A) He had not more than five hundred taka.
- (B) He had nothing but five hundred taka.
- (C) He had none but five hundred taka.
- (D) He had no five hundred taka.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He had not more than five hundred taka.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Only’ সংখ্যার পূর্বে বসলে Negative করার সময় ‘not more than’ বা ‘not less than’ বসে।
Q49. “Can a man change his skin?” (Make it assertive) [40th BCS]
- (A) A man cannot change his skin.
- (B) No man can change his skin.
- (C) Any man can change his skin.
- (D) A man can change his skin.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) A man cannot change his skin.
ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ প্রশ্নবোধক ‘Can a man…?’ রূপান্তরের পর সাধারণ বিবৃতি হিসেবে ‘A man cannot change his skin’ হয়।
Q50. “The problem was so difficult that none could solve it.” (Make it simple) [45th BCS]
- (A) The problem was too difficult for anyone to solve.
- (B) The problem was very difficult to solve.
- (C) Being difficult none could solve the problem.
- (D) The problem was difficult enough to solve.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The problem was too difficult for anyone to solve.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘So… that none could…’ গঠনকে Simple করতে ‘Too + Adjective + for + Pronoun (anyone) + to + V1’ বসে।
💡 Quick Revision Tip: Regularly review these core Transformation of Sentences in English Grammar rules and solve previous job exam MCQs to build speed and accuracy.