Narration in English Grammar — Master Rules, Speech Trees & 50 Previous Exam Questions
বিসিএস প্রিলিমিনারি, ব্যাংক, প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক, এনটিআরসিএ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ভর্তি পরীক্ষা সহ সকল প্রতিযোগিতামূলক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar (Direct and Indirect Speech বা উক্তি পরিবর্তন) থেকে প্রতি বছর ২ থেকে ৩টি প্রশ্ন নিশ্চিত থাকে। বক্তার বক্তব্যকে সরাসরি (Direct) প্রকাশ করা এবং অন্যের ভাষায় রূপান্তর করে (Indirect) প্রকাশ করার ব্যাকরণগত নিয়মাবলি নির্ভুলভাবে আয়ত্ত করা চাকরি প্রার্থীদের জন্য অত্যন্ত জরুরি। এই পূর্ণাঙ্গ স্টাডি গাইডে Narration in English Grammar-এর প্রাথমিক ধারণা, Tense Backshifting চার্ট, Pronoun রূপান্তরের ১-২-৩ নিয়ম, ৫ প্রকার বাক্যের (Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory) ন্যারেশন, Let-এর বিশেষ ব্যবহার এবং বিগত ২৫ বছরের ৫০টি রিয়েল মডেল টেস্ট প্রশ্ন ব্যাখ্যাসহ নিচে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো।
Thank you for reading this post, don't forget to subscribe!📌 ১. Introduction to Narration in English Grammar (উক্তি পরিবর্তনের পরিচয়)
১.১ Definition of Narration (উক্তি কী?)
বক্তার কোনো বক্তব্য বা উক্তিকে প্রকাশ করার পদ্ধতিকে Narration বা Speech বলে। ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে Narration প্রধানত দুই প্রকার:
1. Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি): বক্তার হুবহু বক্তব্যকে কোনো পরিবর্তন ছাড়া ইনভার্টেড কমা (” “) বা উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের মধ্যে প্রকাশ করা।
- He said, “I am reading a book.”
2. Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি): বক্তার হুবহু শব্দ ব্যবহার না করে তার বক্তব্যের মূল ভাব অন্যের ভাষায় প্রকাশ করা।
- He said that he was reading a book.
১.২ Anatomy of Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তির অংশসমূহ)
একটি Direct Speech বাক্যের মূলত দুটি প্রধান অংশ থাকে:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ANATOMY OF DIRECT SPEECH │
├──────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ REPORTING SPEECH │ REPORTED SPEECH │
├──────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Kamal said to Rahim, │ "I will help you tomorrow." │
│ ├───┘ └───┘ └────┘ │ └──────────────────────┘ │
│ Speaker Verb Listener │ Quotation Marks (" ") │
│ (Reporting Verb) │ (The actual words spoken) │
└──────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘
- Reporting Verb: ইনভার্টেড কমার বাইরে বক্তা যে ক্রিয়াপদ দিয়ে কথা শুরু করে (যেমন: said, said to, asks)।
- Reported Speech: ইনভার্টেড কমা (” “)-র ভেতরে বক্তার যে মূল বক্তব্যটি আবদ্ধ থাকে।
১.৩ Master Conversion Tree Diagram (রূপান্তরের মূল ধাপসমূহ)
┌──────────────────────────────┐
│ DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH │
└──────────────┬───────────────┘
│
┌───────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┐
▼ ▼ ▼
┌──────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐
│ REPORTING VERB & │ │ TENSE BACKSHIFT │ │ TIME & PLACE │
│ CONJUNCTION │ │ CHANGES │ │ ADVERBIALS │
│ said to ➔ told │ ◄───────────────► │ Present ➔ Past │ ◄───────────────► │ now ➔ then │
│ asked, ordered │ │ Past ➔ Past Perf. │ │ today ➔ that day │
│ that, if, to │ │ Universal: No Chg │ │ here ➔ there │
└──────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘
🔄 ২. Level 2: Core Rules of Changing Direct into Indirect Speech
২.১ Changes in Tense (Tense Backshifting Matrix)
🎯 গোল্ডেন রুল:
যদি Reporting Verb-টি Past Tense (যেমন: said, said to)-এ থাকে, তবেই কেবল Reported Speech-এর Tense অতীতকালে (Backshifted) পরিবর্তিত হবে। (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
📊 Narration in English Grammar তুলনামূলক চার্ট ও বিশ্লেষণ:
| Direct Speech Tense | Indirect Speech Tense | Direct Example | Indirect Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple (V1) | Past Simple (V2) | He said, “I work hard.” | He said that he worked hard. |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous | He said, “I am reading.” | He said that he was reading. |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | He said, “I have passed.” | He said that he had passed. |
| Present Perf. Continuous | Past Perf. Continuous | He said, “I have been writing.” | He said that he had been writing. |
| Past Simple (V2) | Past Perfect (had + V3) | He said, “I wrote a letter.” | He said that he had written a letter. |
| Past Continuous | Past Perf. Continuous | He said, “I was running.” | He said that he had been running. |
| Past Perfect (had + V3) | Past Perfect (No Change) | He said, “I had finished.” | He said that he had finished. |
| Future Simple (will/shall) | Conditional (would) | He said, “I will do it.” | He said that he would do it. |
| Future Continuous (will be) | would be + V-ing | He said, “I will be waiting.” | He said that he would be waiting. |
২.২ Changes in Pronouns (The 1-2-3 Magic Formula)
Reported Speech-এর Pronoun কীভাবে পরিবর্তিত হবে তা মনে রাখার ম্যাজিক সূত্র হলো “SON” বা “১২৩ নিয়ম”:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ PRONOUN CHANGE 1-2-3 FORMULA │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ • 1st Person (I, we, me, us, my, our) │
│ ➔ Reporting Verb-এর SUBJECT অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়। │
│ • 2nd Person (you, your) │
│ ➔ Reporting Verb-এর OBJECT অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়। │
│ • 3rd Person (he, she, it, they, his, her, their) │
│ ➔ কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না (NO CHANGE)। │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
বাস্তব উদাহরণ:
- Rahim said to me, “I (1st) will help you (2nd).”
- ‘I’ হলো 1st person ➔ Subject (Rahim = he) অনুযায়ী হবে।
- ‘you’ হলো 2nd person ➔ Object (me = me) অনুযায়ী হবে।
- ➔ Rahim told me that he would help me.
২.৩ Changes in Time and Place Expressions (নিকটবর্তী থেকে দূরবর্তী শব্দ)
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|---|---|
| Now | Then | Today | That day |
| Tonight | That night | Tomorrow | The next day / The following day |
| Yesterday | The previous day / The day before | Last night | The previous night |
| Next week / year | The following week / year | Ago | Before |
| Here | There | This | That |
| These | Those | Come | Go (প্রয়োজনীয় ক্ষেত্রে) |
🏛️ ৩. Level 3: Narration According to Sentence Types (৫ প্রকার বাক্যের রূপান্তর)
৩.১ Assertive Sentences (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য)
1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন:
- said থাকলে said থাকে।
- said to + object থাকলে told + object হয় (লক্ষ্য রাখুন: ‘told’-এর পর কখনো ‘to’ বসে না; told me, not told to me)।
2. Conjunction: ইনভার্টেড কমা তুলে দিয়ে ‘that’ বসে।
3. উদাহরণ:
- He said to me, “I am ill.” ➔ He told me that he was ill.
- She said, “I have lost my pen.” ➔ She said that she had lost her pen.
৩.২ Interrogative Sentences (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)
💡 The Golden Interrogative Rule:
Indirect Speech-এ বাক্যটি আর প্রশ্নবোধক থাকে না; তা সাধারণ Assertive (Subject + Verb) আকারে রূপান্তরিত হয় এবং বাক্যের শেষে দাঁড়ি (.) বসে, কোনো প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) বসে না!
1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন: said / said to উঠে গিয়ে asked / inquired of বসে।
2. Conjunction নির্বাচন:
- Yes/No Questions (অক্সিলিয়ারি ভার্ব দিয়ে শুরু হলে): Conjunction হিসেবে if বা whether বসে।
- He said to me, “Are you reading?” ➔ He asked me if I was reading.
- Wh-Questions (Who, Which, What, When, Where, Why, How দিয়ে শুরু হলে): কোনো ‘if/that’ বসে না; ঐ Wh-word-টিই অপরিবর্তিত বসে এবং এর পর সরাসরি Subject + Verb বসে।
- He said to me, “Where do you live?” ➔ He asked me where I lived. (where did I live হবে না!)
- She said to him, “What is your name?” ➔ She asked him what his name was.
৩.৩ Imperative Sentences (আদেশ, উপদেশ ও অনুরোধমূলক বাক্য)
1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন:
- আদেশ বোঝালে ➔ ordered / commanded
- উপদেশ বোঝালে ➔ advised
- অনুরোধ বোঝালে ➔ requested (বাক্য থেকে ‘Please / Kindly’ উঠে যায়)
- নিষেধ বোঝালে ➔ forbade (বা ordered not to)
- সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে ➔ told / asked
2. Connector নির্বাচন:
- হ্যাঁ-বোধক বাক্যে ➔ to + Base Verb (V1)
- না-বোধক বাক্যে (Do not) ➔ not to + Base Verb (V1)
- ⚠️ সতর্কতা: ‘forbade’ ব্যবহার করলে বাক্যে আর ‘not’ বসে না (কারণ forbid নিজেই না-বোধক)।
3. উদাহরণ:
- The teacher said to the student, “Listen to me.” ➔ The teacher ordered the student to listen to him.
- Father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.” ➔ Father advised me not to run in the sun. (বা: Father forbade me to run in the sun.)
- He said to me, “Please lend me your book.” ➔ He requested me to lend him my book.
৩.৪ Exclamatory Sentences (বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্য)
1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন:
- আনন্দ বোঝালে (Hurrah!) ➔ exclaimed with joy
- দুঃখ বোঝালে (Alas!) ➔ exclaimed with sorrow / grief
- বিস্ময় বোঝালে (What / How) ➔ exclaimed with wonder / surprise
2. Conjunction: ‘that’ বসে।
3. গঠন রূপান্তর: that + Subject + Verb + a very / great + Adjective / Noun.
4. উদাহরণ:
- The boy said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.” ➔ The boy exclaimed with joy that they had won the game.
- She said, “What a beautiful flower it is!” ➔ She exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful flower.
৩.৫ Optative Sentences (ইচ্ছা ও প্রার্থনামূলক বাক্য)
1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন:
- আল্লাহর কাছে প্রার্থনা বোঝালে ➔ prayed
- সাধারণ শুভকামনা বা ইচ্ছা বোঝালে ➔ wished
2. Conjunction: ‘that’ বসে।
3. গঠন রূপান্তর: that + Subject + might + Base Verb (V1).
4. উদাহরণ:
- Mother said to me, “May God bless you.” ➔ Mother prayed that God might bless me.
- He said to me, “May you be happy.” ➔ He wished that I might be happy.
⚡ ৪. Level 4: Modal Verbs & Zero Backshifting Exceptions
৪.১ Modal Verbs-এর পরিবর্তন
- Can ➔ Could: He said, “I can swim.” ➔ He said that he could swim.
- May ➔ Might: He said, “It may rain.” ➔ He said that it might rain.
- Will/Shall ➔ Would: He said, “I will go.” ➔ He said that he would go.
- Must ➔ Had to (সাধারণ বাধ্যবাধকতা): He said, “I must leave now.” ➔ He said that he had to leave then.
- Must ➔ Must (চিরন্তন নৈতিক বাধ্যবাধকতা – No Change):
- He said, “We must obey our parents.” ➔ He said that we must obey our parents.
- Could, Would, Should, Might, Ought to: এদের কোনো Tense রূপান্তর হয় না (Unchanged থাকে)।
৪.২ যেসব ক্ষেত্রে Tense-এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না (Zero Backshifting):
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ NO TENSE CHANGE EXCEPTIONS │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ১. Universal Truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) ও Scientific Fact: │
│ Direct: The teacher said, "The earth moves round the sun"│
│ Indirect: The teacher said that the earth moves round... │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ২. Habitual Fact (অভ্যাসগত সত্য): │
│ Direct: He said, "I walk by the river every morning." │
│ Indirect: He said that he walks by the river every... │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ৩. Reporting Verb যদি Present বা Future Tense-এ থাকে: │
│ Direct: He says, "I am ill." │
│ Indirect: He says that he is ill. (was ill হবে না!) │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
🎯 ৫. Level 5: Special Constructions (“Let”, Greetings & Dialogues)
৫.১ “Let” যুক্ত বাক্যের বিশেষ রূপান্তর
Pattern 1: Let us / Let’s (প্রস্তাব বা পরামর্শ — Proposal):
- Reporting Verb: proposed to + object অথবা suggested + object.
- Conjunction: that.
- গঠন: that + we / they + should + Base Verb (V1).
- উদাহরণ:
- He said to me, “Let us go out for a walk.”
- ➔ He proposed to me that we should go out for a walk.
- Rahim said to Karim, “Let us discuss the matter.”
- ➔ Rahim suggested to Karim that they should discuss the matter.
Pattern 2: Let me / Let him / Let her (অনুমতি বা অনুরোধ — Request):
- Reporting Verb: requested / told / said.
- গঠন: that + Subject + might / might be allowed to + V1.
- উদাহরণ:
- The boy said, “Let me come in.” ➔ The boy requested that he might be allowed to come in.
৫.২ সম্ভাষণ ও কথ্য রীতির রূপান্তর (Greetings & Salutations):
1. Yes / No:
- Yes ➔ replied in the affirmative (and said that)
- No ➔ replied in the negative (and said that)
2. Sir: ➔ addressing as Sir অথবা politely / respectfully.
- The student said, “Sir, please help me.” ➔ The student respectfully requested him to help him.
3. Good morning / Good evening / Happy Birthday:
- ➔ Subject + wished + object + good morning / happy birthday.
- He said to me, “Good morning.” ➔ He wished me good morning.
4. Good bye / Farewell:
- ➔ Subject + bade + object + good bye / farewell.
- He said, “Good bye, my friends.” ➔ He bade his friends good bye.
5. Thank you:
- ➔ Subject + thanked + object.
- He said to me, “Thank you.” ➔ He thanked me.
📝 ৬. Level 6: 50 Real Previous Exam Questions (BCS, Bank, Primary & PSC)
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে বিগত বছরগুলোতে আসা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্নসমূহ নিচে বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যাসহ দেওয়া হলো:
নিচে বিগত ২৫ বছরের বিসিএস, পিএসসি নন-ক্যাডার, বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক (AD), কম্বাইন্ড ব্যাংক অফিসার এবং প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় আসা Narration সম্পর্কিত ৫০টি মাস্টার প্রশ্ন বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যাসহ দেওয়া হলো:
Q1. He said, “I am reading a book.” (Change the speech) [38th BCS]
- (A) He said that he was reading a book.
- (B) He said that he is reading a book.
- (C) He told that he was reading a book.
- (D) He said he reads a book.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he was reading a book.
ব্যাখ্যা: Reporting Verb Past Tense (said) থাকায় Present Continuous (am reading) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Continuous (was reading) হবে এবং ‘I’ Subject ‘He’ অনুযায়ী ‘he’ হবে।
Q2. “Where do you live?” the stranger asked me. (Indirect form) [41st BCS]
- (A) The stranger asked me where I lived.
- (B) The stranger asked me where did I live.
- (C) The stranger asked me where I live.
- (D) The stranger asked me that where I lived.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The stranger asked me where I lived.
ব্যাখ্যা: Wh-question-এর পর Indirect Speech-এ বাক্যটি Assertive আকারে সাজাতে হয় (Where + Subject + Verb = where I lived)। কোনো ‘did’ বা ‘that’ বসবে না।
Q3. The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.” [10th BCS]
- (A) The teacher said that the earth moved round the sun.
- (B) The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
- (C) The teacher said that the earth had moved round the sun.
- (D) The teacher told that the earth moves round the sun.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য (Universal Truth) বাক্যে Reporting Verb অতীতকালের হলেও Reported Speech-এর Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না (moves অপরিবর্তিত থাকে)।
Q4. He said to me, “Do you know me?” (Indirect speech) [24th BCS]
- (A) He asked me if I knew him.
- (B) He asked me whether I know him.
- (C) He asked me that if I knew him.
- (D) He told me if I knew him.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He asked me if I knew him.
ব্যাখ্যা: Yes/No প্রশ্নে Conjunction হিসেবে ‘if’ বসে এবং Present Simple (do you know) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Simple (I knew him) হয়।
Q5. Father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.” [31st BCS]
- (A) Father advised me not to run in the sun.
- (B) Father advised me to not run in the sun.
- (C) Father forbade me not to run in the sun.
- (D) Father told me that do not run in the sun.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Father advised me not to run in the sun.
ব্যাখ্যা: রোদে না দৌড়ানোর উপদেশ বুঝাতে ‘advised me not to run’ বসে। (অপশন C ভুল কারণ ‘forbade’-এর সাথে পুনরায় ‘not’ বসে না)।
Q6. He said, “Let us go for a walk.” (Indirect speech) [35th BCS]
- (A) He proposed that they should go for a walk.
- (B) He requested that they would go for a walk.
- (C) He said that we should go for a walk.
- (D) He suggested to go for a walk.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He proposed that they should go for a walk.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Let us’ প্রস্তাব প্রকাশ করায় Reporting Verb হিসেবে ‘proposed’ এবং Conjunction ‘that’-এর পর ‘they should + V1’ বসে।
Q7. She said, “What a beautiful sight it is!” [27th BCS]
- (A) She exclaimed that it was a very beautiful sight.
- (B) She exclaimed that what a beautiful sight it was.
- (C) She said that it was a very beautiful sight.
- (D) She exclaimed with joy that it is a beautiful sight.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) She exclaimed that it was a very beautiful sight.
ব্যাখ্যা: Exclamatory থেকে Indirect করতে ‘exclaimed that + it was a very beautiful sight’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q8. Mother said to me, “May God bless you.” [16th BCS]
- (A) Mother wished that God may bless me.
- (B) Mother prayed that God might bless me.
- (C) Mother prayed that God may bless me.
- (D) Mother prayed for me that God might bless me.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) Mother prayed that God might bless me.
ব্যাখ্যা: আল্লাহর কাছে প্রার্থনা প্রকাশ করায় Reporting Verb ‘prayed’ এবং ‘may’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘might’ হয়।
Q9. He said, “I have passed the examination.” [15th BCS]
- (A) He said that he has passed the examination.
- (B) He said that he had passed the examination.
- (C) He told that he had passed the examination.
- (D) He said that he passed the examination.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) He said that he had passed the examination.
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect (have passed) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect (had passed) হয়।
Q10. The doctor said to the patient, “Quit smoking.” [Bangladesh Bank AD 2018]
- (A) The doctor ordered the patient quit smoking.
- (B) The doctor advised the patient to quit smoking.
- (C) The doctor told the patient quit smoking.
- (D) The doctor suggested the patient for quitting smoking.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) The doctor advised the patient to quit smoking.
ব্যাখ্যা: চিকিৎসকের উপদেশমূলক Imperative বাক্যে ‘advised + object + to + V1 (to quit smoking)’ বসে।
Q11. He said, “Alas! I am ruined.” [14th BCS]
- (A) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
- (B) He exclaimed with grief that he is ruined.
- (C) He said with sorrow that I was ruined.
- (D) He cried out that he was ruined.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Alas!’ দুঃখজনক অনুভূতি বোঝায়, তাই ‘exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined’ সঠিক।
Q12. He says, “I am ill.” (Indirect speech) [29th BCS]
- (A) He says that he was ill.
- (B) He says that he is ill.
- (C) He said that he was ill.
- (D) He told that he is ill.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) He says that he is ill.
ব্যাখ্যা: Reporting Verb Present Tense (says)-এ থাকলে ভেতরের Tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকে (is ill-ই থাকবে, was ill হবে না)।
Q13. He said to me, “Thank you.” [21st BCS]
- (A) He thanked me.
- (B) He told me thank you.
- (C) He said thank you to me.
- (D) He wished me thanks.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He thanked me.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Thank you’ যুক্ত বাক্যের Indirect রূপ হলো: Subject + thanked + Object (He thanked me)।
Q14. She asked me, “Why are you crying?” [26th BCS]
- (A) She asked me why was I crying.
- (B) She asked me why I was crying.
- (C) She asked me that why I was crying.
- (D) She inquired me why I was crying.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) She asked me why I was crying.
ব্যাখ্যা: Wh-question-এ ‘why’-এর পর Subject + Verb বসে (why I was crying); কোনো ‘that’ বসে না।
Q15. He said to me, “Good morning.” [18th BCS]
- (A) He wished me good morning.
- (B) He bade me good morning.
- (C) He told me good morning.
- (D) He said me good morning.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He wished me good morning.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Good morning / Happy Birthday’ শুভেচ্ছা প্রকাশ করায় ‘Subject + wished + object + good morning’ বসে।
Q16. “Good bye, my friends,” said the leader. [33rd BCS]
- (A) The leader wished his friends good bye.
- (B) The leader bade his friends good bye.
- (C) The leader said his friends good bye.
- (D) The leader told his friends good bye.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) The leader bade his friends good bye.
ব্যাখ্যা: বিদায় জানানোর ক্ষেত্রে ‘bade’ ব্যবহৃত হয় (Subject + bade + object + good bye)।
Q17. He said, “I wrote a letter.” [25th BCS]
- (A) He said that he had written a letter.
- (B) He said that he wrote a letter.
- (C) He said that he has written a letter.
- (D) He told that he had written a letter.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had written a letter.
ব্যাখ্যা: Past Simple (wrote) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect (had written) হয়।
Q18. The boy said, “Sir, please grant me leave.” [Combined 8 Banks 2019]
- (A) The boy respectfully requested him to grant him leave.
- (B) The boy requested him to grant him leave.
- (C) The boy said respectfully to grant him leave.
- (D) The boy told Sir to grant him leave.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The boy respectfully requested him to grant him leave.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Sir’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘respectfully’ বা ‘politely’ বসে এবং ‘please’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘requested + to + V1’ বসে।
Q19. He said, “I must go now.” [34th BCS]
- (A) He said that he had to go then.
- (B) He said that he must go then.
- (C) He said that he has to go then.
- (D) He told that he had to go now.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had to go then.
ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ তাৎক্ষণিক বাধ্যবাধকতায় ‘must’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘had to’ হয় এবং ‘now’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘then’ হয়।
Q20. He said to his friend, “Please lend me some money.” [17th BCS]
- (A) He requested his friend to lend him some money.
- (B) He requested his friend that he should lend him money.
- (C) He asked his friend to lend him some money.
- (D) He advised his friend to lend him money.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He requested his friend to lend him some money. (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Please’ দ্বারা বিনম্র অনুরোধ বোঝানোয় ‘requested his friend to lend him’ সঠিক।
Q21. She said to me, “Can you help me?” [11th BCS]
- (A) She asked me if I could help her.
- (B) She asked me if I can help her.
- (C) She asked me whether can I help her.
- (D) She asked me that if I could help her.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) She asked me if I could help her.
ব্যাখ্যা: Modal ‘can’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘could’ হয় এবং Yes/No প্রশ্নে ‘if’ বসে।
Q22. The teacher said, “Honesty is the best policy.” [19th BCS]
- (A) The teacher said that honesty was the best policy.
- (B) The teacher said that honesty is the best policy.
- (C) The teacher told that honesty is the best policy.
- (D) The teacher told that honesty was the best policy.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) The teacher said that honesty is the best policy.
ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন প্রবাদ বা নীতিবাক্য (Habitual/Universal truth)-এর Tense কখনো পরিবর্তিত হয় না।
Q23. He said to me, “You are wrong.” [28th BCS]
- (A) He told me that I was wrong.
- (B) He said me that I was wrong.
- (C) He told to me that I was wrong.
- (D) He told me that you were wrong.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He told me that I was wrong.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘said to me’ ➔ ‘told me’ এবং 2nd person ‘you’ Object (me) অনুযায়ী ‘I’ হবে।
Q24. He said to me, “Wait here until I return.” [36th BCS]
- (A) He told me to wait there until he returned.
- (B) He told me to wait here until he returned.
- (C) He asked me wait there until he returns.
- (D) He ordered me to wait here until he returned.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He told me to wait there until he returned.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘here’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘there’ এবং Present Simple (return) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Simple (returned) হয়।
Q25. “Are you coming with us?” they asked me. [Combined 9 Banks 2021]
- (A) They asked me if I was coming with them.
- (B) They asked me if I was going with them.
- (C) They asked me whether was I coming with them.
- (D) They asked me that if I was going with them.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) They asked me if I was going with them.
ব্যাখ্যা: প্রেক্ষিত পরিবর্তনের কারণে ‘coming’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘going’ এবং ‘us’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘them’ হয়।
Q26. He said to me, “Did you write the letter?” [23rd BCS]
- (A) He asked me if I wrote the letter.
- (B) He asked me if I had written the letter.
- (C) He asked me that if I wrote the letter.
- (D) He inquired me if I had written the letter.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (B) He asked me if I had written the letter.
ব্যাখ্যা: Past Simple (Did you write) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect (had written) হয়।
Q27. The captain said, “Bravo! You have played well.” [13th BCS]
- (A) The captain applauded them saying that they had played well.
- (B) The captain praised them that they played well.
- (C) The captain exclaimed that they played well.
- (D) The captain said bravo that they played well.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The captain applauded them saying that they had played well.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Bravo!’ দ্বারা বাহবা দেওয়া বোঝালে Reporting Verb হিসেবে ‘applauded + object + saying that’ বসে।
Q28. He said, “I shall go to Dhaka tomorrow.” [22nd BCS]
- (A) He said that he would go to Dhaka the following day.
- (B) He said that he should go to Dhaka the next day.
- (C) He told that he would go to Dhaka tomorrow.
- (D) He said that he will go to Dhaka the next day.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he would go to Dhaka the following day.
ব্যাখ্যা: 3rd person ‘he’-এর সাথে ‘would’ বসে এবং ‘tomorrow’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘the following day’ হয়।
Q29. The policeman said to the driver, “Stop the car.” [PSC Non-Cadre 2018]
- (A) The policeman ordered the driver to stop the car.
- (B) The policeman told the driver for stopping the car.
- (C) The policeman requested the driver to stop the car.
- (D) The policeman said the driver to stop the car.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The policeman ordered the driver to stop the car. (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
ব্যাখ্যা: পুলিশ কর্মকর্তার আদেশ বোঝাতে ‘ordered + object + to + V1’ বসে।
Q30. He said, “I have been working since morning.” [27th BCS]
- (A) He said that he had been working since morning.
- (B) He said that he has been working since morning.
- (C) He said that he was working since morning.
- (D) He told that he had worked since morning.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had been working since morning.
ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Continuous (have been working) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect Continuous (had been working) হয়।
Q31. The traveler said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?” [37th BCS]
- (A) The traveler asked if he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel.
- (B) The traveler asked that can he tell him the way.
- (C) The traveler requested to tell him the way.
- (D) The traveler asked if he can tell him the way.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The traveler asked if he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel.
ব্যাখ্যা: Yes/No প্রশ্ন এবং ‘can’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘could’ হয়।
Q32. He said to me, “Let me have a cup of tea.” [20th BCS]
- (A) He wished that he might have a cup of tea.
- (B) He proposed that he should have a cup of tea.
- (C) He told me to have a cup of tea.
- (D) He suggested that we should have a cup of tea.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He wished that he might have a cup of tea.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Let me’ দ্বারা কোনো প্রস্তাব নয়, বরং ব্যক্তিগত ইচ্ছা/অনুরোধ প্রকাশ করায় ‘wished that he might have’ বসে।
Q33. “Which book do you want?” the librarian asked the boy. [Primary Teacher 2019]
- (A) The librarian asked the boy which book he wanted.
- (B) The librarian asked the boy which book did he want.
- (C) The librarian asked the boy that which book he wanted.
- (D) The librarian inquired the boy which book he wants.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The librarian asked the boy which book he wanted.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘which book’-এর পর Subject (he) + Past Verb (wanted) বসে।
Q34. He said, “I was ill yesterday.” [32nd BCS]
- (A) He said that he had been ill the previous day.
- (B) He said that he was ill the previous day.
- (C) He said that he has been ill yesterday.
- (D) He told that he was ill the day before.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had been ill the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা: Past Simple ‘was’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Perfect ‘had been’ হয় এবং ‘yesterday’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘the previous day’ হয়।
Q35. “Do you know when the results will be published?” she asked. [Senior Staff Nurse 2021]
- (A) She asked if I knew when the results would be published.
- (B) She asked that if I knew when the results will be published.
- (C) She asked if I know when the results would be published.
- (D) She inquired if I knew when the results will publish.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) She asked if I knew when the results would be published. (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Do you know’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘if I knew’ এবং ভেতরের ক্লজে ‘will be’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘would be’ হয়।
Q36. The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you making a noise?” [12th BCS]
- (A) The teacher asked the boy why he was making a noise.
- (B) The teacher asked the boy why was he making a noise.
- (C) The teacher inquired the boy why he was making a noise.
- (D) The teacher told the boy why he was making a noise.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The teacher asked the boy why he was making a noise.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘why’-এর পর Subject + Past Continuous (he was making) বসে।
Q37. He said, “I had already completed the task.” [40th BCS]
- (A) He said that he had already completed the task.
- (B) He said that he has already completed the task.
- (C) He told that he had already completed the task.
- (D) He said that he already completed the task.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had already completed the task.
ব্যাখ্যা: Past Perfect Tense (had completed)-এর কোনো Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না (No change)।
Q38. Father said to his son, “May you live long.” [15th BCS]
- (A) Father prayed that his son might live long.
- (B) Father wished that his son may live long.
- (C) Father told his son that he might live long.
- (D) Father prayed that his son lived long.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) Father prayed that his son might live long.
ব্যাখ্যা: দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করে প্রার্থনা করায় ‘prayed that his son might live long’ সঠিক।
Q39. “Do not open the window,” he said to me. [Combined 5 Banks 2020]
- (A) He forbade me to open the window.
- (B) He forbade me not to open the window.
- (C) He told me to not open the window.
- (D) He ordered me that do not open the window.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He forbade me to open the window.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘forbade’ ব্যবহার করলে পুনরায় ‘not’ বসে না; সরাসরি ‘to + V1’ (to open) বসে।
Q40. He said, “I bought this car last week.” [42nd BCS Special]
- (A) He said that he had bought that car the previous week.
- (B) He said that he bought that car the previous week.
- (C) He said that he had bought this car the last week.
- (D) He told that he had bought that car last week.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had bought that car the previous week.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘bought’ ➔ ‘had bought’, ‘this’ ➔ ‘that’, এবং ‘last week’ ➔ ‘the previous week’।
Q41. She said, “I will be waiting for you.” [30th BCS]
- (A) She said that she would be waiting for me.
- (B) She said that she will be waiting for me.
- (C) She told that she would be waiting for you.
- (D) She said that she would wait for me.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) She said that she would be waiting for me.
ব্যাখ্যা: Future Continuous ‘will be waiting’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘would be waiting’ হয়।
Q42. The old man said, “Can anyone help me?” [PSC Auditor 2021]
- (A) The old man asked if anyone could help him.
- (B) The old man asked if could anyone help him.
- (C) The old man told if anyone could help him.
- (D) The old man said that anyone could help him.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The old man asked if anyone could help him.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘if’ + Subject (anyone) + could + help him.
Q43. He said to me, “You should obey your elders.” [43rd BCS]
- (A) He told me that I should obey my elders.
- (B) He advised me that I ought to obey elders.
- (C) He told me that I would obey my elders.
- (D) He said me that I should obey my elders.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He told me that I should obey my elders.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘should’ মোডাল ভার্ব অপরিবর্তিত থাকে এবং 2nd person ‘you’ ও ‘your’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘I’ ও ‘my’ হয়।
Q44. The teacher said, “Water boils at 100°C.” [14th BCS]
- (A) The teacher said that water boils at 100°C.
- (B) The teacher said that water boiled at 100°C.
- (C) The teacher told that water boils at 100°C.
- (D) The teacher said that water had boiled at 100°C.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) The teacher said that water boils at 100°C.
ব্যাখ্যা: বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য (Scientific Fact) হওয়ায় Tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকে (boils)।
Q45. He said, “How sweet the song is!” [24th BCS]
- (A) He exclaimed that the song was very sweet.
- (B) He exclaimed that the song is very sweet.
- (C) He said that how sweet the song was.
- (D) He exclaimed with wonder how sweet was the song.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He exclaimed that the song was very sweet.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘How sweet’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘the song was very sweet’ Assertive আকারে রূপান্তর হয়।
Q46. He said, “I have to leave immediately.” [Combined 8 Banks 2021]
- (A) He said that he had to leave immediately.
- (B) He said that he has to leave immediately.
- (C) He told that he had to leave immediately.
- (D) He said that he must leave immediately.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that he had to leave immediately.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘have to’ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘had to’ হয়।
Q47. She said, “Yes, I agree with you.” [44th BCS]
- (A) She replied in the affirmative and said that she agreed with me.
- (B) She replied yes that she agreed with me.
- (C) She told in the affirmative that she agrees with me.
- (D) She said yes and agreed with me.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) She replied in the affirmative and said that she agreed with me. (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Yes’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘replied in the affirmative and said that’ বসে।
Q48. He said, “No, I will not come.” [17th BCS]
- (A) He replied in the negative and said that he would not come.
- (B) He said no and told that he would not come.
- (C) He replied in negative that he will not come.
- (D) He refused to come.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He replied in the negative and said that he would not come.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘No’-এর পরিবর্তে ‘replied in the negative and said that’ বসে।
Q49. He said, “Let us solve the problem together.” [39th BCS]
- (A) He proposed that they should solve the problem together.
- (B) He requested that they should solve the problem together.
- (C) He said that they would solve the problem together.
- (D) He advised that they should solve the problem together.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He proposed that they should solve the problem together.
ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Let us’ প্রস্তাব বোঝায়, তাই ‘proposed that they should + V1’ বসে।
Q50. He said, “If I were rich, I would help the poor.” [45th BCS]
- (A) He said that if he were rich, he would help the poor.
- (B) He said that if he had been rich, he would help the poor.
- (C) He said that if he was rich, he would have helped the poor.
- (D) He told that if he were rich, he would help the poor.
💡 সঠিক উত্তর: (A) He said that if he were rich, he would help the poor. (পরীক্ষায় Narration in English Grammar থেকে প্রশ্ন আসলে এই দিকগুলো খেয়াল রাখা জরুরি)।
ব্যাখ্যা: অবাস্তব বা কাল্পনিক শর্তমূলক বাক্যে (Unreal Past Subjunctive: If I were rich) Indirect Speech-এ কোনো Tense ব্যাকশিফট হয় না; গঠনটি হুবহু বজায় থাকে (if he were rich, he would help the poor)।
💡 Quick Revision Tip: Regularly review these core Narration in English Grammar rules and solve previous job exam MCQs to build speed and accuracy.